American Journal of Environmental Science 9 (5): 398-409, 2013
ISSN: 1553-345X
©2013 Science Publication
doi:10.3844/ajessp.2013.398.409 Published Online 9 (5) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajes.toc)
398
Science Publications AJES
Geomorphology Using Geographic Information System and
Globel Mapper
Emad Akawwi
Department of Surveying and Geomatics, Engineering Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
Received 2013-09-02, Revised 2013-09-13; Accepted 2013-09-18
ABSTRACT
An effort has been made to evaluate drainage morphometry and its influence on landform processes,
geology and erosion characteristics in Jordan Valley and surrounding area. Geological maps 1:50,000 scale
and the professional Google Earth images were used for analysis of various morphometric, lithological and
landform characteristics of Jordan Valley basin. Morphometric analysis was carried out at sub basin level
using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Globel Mapper (GM) to analyze the influence of drainage
morphometry on landforms, drainage pattern and land erosion. Different landforms were recognized in the
basin based on visual exposition of 3D Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that obtained from the thousands of
points of the elevations by using GIS and GM, escarpments, plateau spurs, narrow wadies “vallies” and
main wadies floor, foot slopes. The sub basins that take number 2, 5 and 6 are associated with high density
dentritic drainage pattern because of impermeable formation and high slope then high surface runoff and
high erosion. The sub basins number 1, 3, 4 are associated to a low density dentritic drainage pattern due to
the topography of the area that is flat shape and the formation is impermeable. A1, A2 and A3 are a trellis
drainage pattern with high density because of the moderate slope and high fracturing formation.
Keywords: Drainage, GIS, GM, Jordan Valley, DEM
1. INTRODUCTION
Erosion of soil and the underlying regolith is an
example of a natural process that can be strongly
accelerated by land use-human being activities and
climate changes. Drainages erode their beds in three
ways. The first one is the difference of the topography,
the second way is the scrape and the third one is the
solution. Streams can change from one season to the
other depending on the precipitation and the difference
on the temperature. Because that, it’s very useful to
describe the aspects of the stream and its variables. The
stream variables including velocity, slope or gradient, the
shape of the drainage and densities and streams
discharge. The remote sensing and GIS techniques were
used by (Vijayan et al., 2013) for determining the
quantitative description of the basin geometry.
In GIS, the stream network is represented by a
network of connected line features, which can be digitized
from topographic maps or (semi-) automatically derived
from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Talling et al.,
1997; Soille et al., 2003; Vogt et al., 2003; Abubaker et al.,
2012). Similarly, the associated watersheds are
represented by polygon features. Using consistent GIS
tools on the same DEM to derive both streams and
watershed divides results in geometrically consistent
datasets of streams and watersheds. Manually digitized
data often require time-consuming editing. In any case,
basic GIS functionality leaves the hydrologist with
separate, geometrically consistent datasets of the stream
network and watersheds, but the inherent hierarchy
determined by the tree structure of a stream network is
not automatically captured. There are ongoing initiatives
representing surface topography accurately and
effectively is critical to support various types of inquires
in geography and geosciences. The digital elevation
models were used by many researchers for various
applications, for instance flood control and hazard
mapping (Wise, 2000; Bower, 2010). Chu et al. (2010)
delineated the watersheds by developing algorithm.