Plant Science 211 (2013) 77–91 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Science jo ur nal home p age: www.elsevier.com/locate/plantsci Review Redox control of plant growth and development Gábor Kocsy a,b,∗ , Irma Tari c , Radomíra Vanková d , Bernd Zechmann e , Zsolt Gulyás a,b , Péter Poór c , Gábor Galiba a,b a Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary b Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary c Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary d Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic e Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Schubertstr. 51, 8010 Graz, Austria a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 29 April 2013 Received in revised form 27 June 2013 Accepted 9 July 2013 Available online xxx Keywords: Antioxidants Flowering Hormones Reactive nitrogen species Reactive oxygen species Compartment-specific redox control a b s t r a c t Redox changes determined by genetic and environmental factors display well-organized interactions in the control of plant growth and development. Diurnal and seasonal changes in the environmental conditions are important for the normal course of these physiological processes and, similarly to their mild irregular alterations, for stress adaptation. However, fast or large-scale environmental changes may lead to damage or death of sensitive plants. The spatial and temporal redox changes influence growth and development due to the reprogramming of metabolism. In this process reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants are involved as components of signalling networks. The control of growth, development and flowering by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants in interaction with hormones at organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular level will be discussed in the present review. Unsolved problems of the field, among others the need for identification of new components and interactions in the redox regulatory network at various organization levels using systems biology approaches will be also indicated. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 2. Participation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in the regulation of growth and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2.1. Redox control of metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2.2. Redox control of growth and development at cellular level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.3. Redox control of growth and development at tissue and organ levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.4. Redox control of senescence and cell death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 2.5. Redox control of stress response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 2.6. Model of the redox control of growth and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3. Participation of reactive nitrogen species in the regulation of plant growth and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3.1. General effect of reactive nitrogen species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 3.2. Effect of NO on germination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.3. Effect of NO on growth and organ development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.4. Role of NO in the senescence and plant cell death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.5. The source of NO during various developmental processes and environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Abbreviations: Asc, reduced ascorbate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, glutathione disulphide; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species. ∗ Corresponding author at: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary. Tel.: +36 22 569501; fax: +36 22 569576. E-mail address: kocsy.gabor@agrar.mta.hu (G. Kocsy). 0168-9452/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.004