https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020962146
International Journal of
Social Psychiatry
1–3
© The Author(s) 2020
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DOI: 10.1177/0020764020962146
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E CAMDEN SCHIZOPH
The unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
has caused havoc in various realms of life. The psycho-
logical impact of the pandemic has already presented in the
form of fear and uncertainty, acute reaction to stress, distur-
bances in sleeping and eating patterns, anxiety, depression,
post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide attempts and
completed suicides (Joseph, Gunaseelan, et al., 2020;
Klomek, 2020; Nayar et al., 2020). Suicide is probably
going to become an even more major concern as the pan-
demic unfolds (Gunnell et al., 2020). Literature has pointed
out towards the probability of increase in rates of suicide
attempts and completed suicide during the pandemic,
though exact numbers are not yet known (Sher, 2020a,
2020b; Thakur & Jain, 2020).
Psychological issues which could lead to suicidal
thoughts include social isolation, anxiety, fear and uncer-
tainty (of getting infected/of infecting others/of availa-
bility of specific treatment or vaccinations in the near
future), poor sleep quality and eating habits (Sher,
2020a, 2020b). Exacerbation of mental health issues in
those already diagnosed with mental health issues,
relapse of illness due to disruption in treatment compli-
ance and limitations in reaching to hospitals and, alcohol
and substance use (Joseph, Shoib, et al., 2020), may also
be responsible for the surge in suicidal behaviour. Social
factors which could lead to suicidal thoughts currently
include financial crisis, unemployment, restricted sup-
plies of essential commodities, intimate partner violence,
school closures (causing poor child growth/increased
exposure of certain children to violence at home/missing
mid-day meals for those dependent on it), being in vul-
nerable groups (homeless/jobless persons/children/older
adults), those diagnosed with COVID-19, burnout in
frontline healthcare workers, family members of affected
persons, hospitalization in COVID-19 critical care units,
stigma and discrimination regarding the outbreak as well
as, mental health issues due to it, restrictions to partici-
pate in religious congregations or to visit religious places
and, an ‘infodemic’ phenomenon including misinforma-
tion, rumours and conspiracies (Gunnell et al., 2020;
Joseph, Mishra, et al., 2020; Joseph, Singh Bhandari,
et al., 2020; Sher, 2020b).
Suicide prevention and timely
intervention: consensus
recommendations
1. Evidence-based suicide prevention strategies
focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic have been
laid out by the World Psychiatric Association
(WPA). The strategies include – a) restricting
access to lethal methods of suicide (restricting
sales of – firearms, pesticides, medications per
person); increasing awareness among the public
about the safe storage of potentially lethal objects.
b) Interventions to reduce the harmful use of alco-
hol, restricting the sale of alcohol, at the same
time, increasing awareness among both at risk and
the general population about the effects of alcohol.
c) Continue gatekeeper training through online
mode and, increase the number of volunteers to
participate in the program through awareness. d)
Raising awareness about mental health and suicide
among youths through school-based interventions
as soon as school re-opens. e) Ensuring adherence
to the World Health Organization (WHO) guide-
lines for responsible media reporting and avoid-
ing sensationalizing pandemic related suicide. e)
Providing financial support to the mental health
care services, ensuring accessibility to the ser-
vices, developing telemedicine services and pro-
viding mental health support to the frontline
healthcare workers. f) Remote assessment and
management (if not in person feasible) of both
people with mental disorders and those who are
at-risk and ensuring continuity of care of people
with mental disorders. g) Increasing awareness
Dealing with the rising tide of suicides
during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Strengthening the pillars of
prevention and timely intervention
Shijo John Joseph and Samrat Singh Bhandari
Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University
(SMU), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
Corresponding author:
Shijo John Joseph, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim
Manipal University (SMU), 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102,
India.
Email: shijojj90@gmail.com
962146ISP 0 0 10.1177/0020764020962146International Journal of Social PsychiatryJoseph and Bhandari
letter 2020
Letter to the Editor