II' t THE NEXUS BETWEEN HOMELAND-SECURITY, DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER-DELTA AND THE THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA By • Enojo Kennie Enojo Abstract The study evaluates the organic linkage between homeland security and development in the Niger-Delta region and sustainable democratic development in Nigeria and concludes that there is a strong synergy between the threat to national security and development in all part of the country as a multiplier effect with specific attention to the issue of homeland security in the Niger-Delta region. The study recommends a holistic review of our security system. The approach adopted is the structural-functional; this is considered most appropriate as it deals on inputs, outputs, information and authoritative allocation of values. Keywords : Homeland security, sustainable development, and th reat to national peace Background to the Study H om eland security is an umbrella term for security efforts to protect the United States against terrorist activity. The term arose following a reorganiza tion of many United States of American government agencies in 2003 to form the United States Department of Homeland Security after the September 11 attacks, and may be used to refer to the actions of that department, the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, or th e United States House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security. In th e United States, the concept of "homeland secu rit y" exte nd s and re comb in es r espo n sibi l ities of severa l government agencies and entities, including the United States National Gua rd , the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the United States Coast Guard , U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, the United States Secret Service, the Transportation Security Ad ministration, and finally, the Civil Air Patrol (Pipes, 201 0:67). The George W. Bu sh administration consolidated many of these acti vities under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). a new cabinet department established as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002. However, much of the nation's homeland secur ity activity remains outside of DHS; for example, the FBI and CIA are not part of the Department, and other executi ve departments such as the Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services play a signifi cant role in certain aspects of homeland security. Homeland security is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council, currently headed by John Brennan. Homeland security is officially defined by the National Strategy for Homeland Security as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, re duce America' s vulnerability to terro ri sm, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur". Because the U.S. Departme nt of Homeland Security includes th e Federal Emergency Management Agency, it also has responsibility for preparedness, response, and recovery to natural disasters. The term became prominent in 123