Asymmetric Pigmentary Glaucoma Resulting From
Cataract Formation
Robert Ritch, M.D., Teekhasaenee Chaiwat, M.D., and Thomas S. Harbin, Jr., M.D.
Pigment dispersion syndrome usually man-
ifests bilaterally, and asymmetric involve-
ment is unusual. When asymmetry is present,
the eye with greater involvement may have an
additional exacerbating condition or the eye
with less involvement may be protected.
Analysis of such cases should further eluci-
date the mechanism of the disorder and its
development and regression. We examined
four patients in whom unilateral cataract for-
mation or extraction was associated with re-
duced clinical signs of pigment dispersion
syndrome in the affected eye. Cataract forma-
tion, by inducing relative pupillary block,
appears to decrease or prevent the manifesta-
tion of pigment liberation.
1 IGMENT DISPERSION SYNDROME is characterized
clinically by slitlike radial transillumination
defects in the midperipheral iris and dispersion
of pigment granules on the cornea (Krukenberg
spindle), trabecular meshwork, zonules, lens,
and anterior iris surface.
16
The loss of pigment
from the iris results from friction between the
posterior iris surface and the zonules during
normal physiologic movement.
7
Intraocular
pressures may be normal or increased.
Pigment dispersion syndrome appears to be
inherited through an autosomal dominant
gene.
8,9
Both eyes are usually affected.
1
'
4
When
the severity of phenotypic expression differs
between the two eyes, an explanation should be
sought. The analysis of asymmetric cases may
provide additional information regarding the
Accepted for publication July 24, 1992.
From the Department of Ophthalmology, New York
Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York (Drs. Ritch
and Chaiwat); and Department of Ophthalmology, Pied-
mont Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr. Harbin). This study
was supported in part by the Glaucoma Foundation,
New York, New York.
Reprint requests to Robert Ritch, M.D., Glaucoma
Service, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 E. 14th
St., New York, NY 10003.
pathophysiologic mechanism involved or serve
as a clue for the existence of additional disease.
We examined four patients with unilateral or
asymmetric pigmentary glaucoma resulting
from unilateral cataract formation or extrac-
tion.
Case Reports
Case 1
A 58-year-old white man had had glaucoma
diagnosed seven years previously at the time of
retinal detachment repair. He had undergone
laser treatment for a retinal tear in the right eye
after initiation of miotic therapy. He was using
0.5% timolol in both eyes twice daily when first
seen. His best-corrected visual acuity was R.E.:
20/20 with -7.00 sphere and L.E.: 20/200 with
-10.00 sphere. He had a dense Krukenberg
spindle and marked radial, slitlike, midperiph-
eral, iris transillumination defects in the right
eye only. Intraocular pressures were 18 mm Hg
in the right eye and 15 mm Hg in the left eye.
The angles were wide open with moderate pig-
mentation of the trabecular meshwork in the
right eye and light pigmentation in the left eye
for 360 degrees. There was early nuclear sclero-
sis in the right eye and a brunescent cataract in
the left eye. The central anterior chamber in the
left eye was shallower than that in the right.
The cup/disk ratio by contour in the right eye
was 0.8, while that in the left eye was 0.3.
Goldmann visual fields were normal in both
eyes.
Case 2
A 57-year-old white man had a nine-year
history of glaucoma in both eyes. He was using
a combination of 1% epinephrine and 4% pilo-
carpine in both eyes four times daily when first
seen. A maternal uncle had had glaucoma.
His best-corrected visual acuity was R.E.:
20/25 with -5.00 sphere +1.00 cylinder x 5
484 ©AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 114:484-488, OCTOBER, 1992