10 © 2018 Asian Medical Journals. All Rights Reserved. GENETIC INSIGHTS OF CHOLESTEROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COMPLEX BIOLOGY Kishan L. Jadhav 1+ Priyanka R. Kapare 2 Divya V. Khairmode 3 Chaitali H. Keskar 4 Akash S. Mali 5 1,2,3,4 Gourishankar Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research limb, Satara [MS] India 5 Gourishankar Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research limb, Satara [MS] India.;Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania (+ Corresponding author) ABSTRACT Article History Received: 25 June 2018 Revised: 28 August 2018 Accepted: 3 September 2018 Published: 5 September 2018 Keywords Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Apo-E gene QTL Reverse cholesterol transport Cardiovascular diseases C.pneumoniae Atherosclerosis is multifaceted arterial disease involving collaboration of chromosomal and conservational factors; around seven million Americans are experiencing a heart attack during their lifetime. Many biomolecules play different roles in atherosclerosis such as 5-LO enzyme which play vital role in synthesis of leukotriene‘s inflammatory intermediates and proteins. Previous studies show that individuals suffering from coronary artery disease more commonly have C. pneumonia antibody than inhabitant‘s controls. In recent years the genes and genetic polymorphism which are associated with atherosclerosis had been identified. Phospholipid transfer protein will subsequently decrease the HDL mass and cholesterol efflux capacity due to its overexpression and deletation. Our aim of this review is to demonstrate complex biology of atherosclerosis and effect of cholesterol in cardiovascular diseases. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated for genetical treatment of atherosclerosis. This study uses new estimation methodology such as by inhibiting RCT. This contributes information about molecular genetic changes in atherosclerosis which open up new vista for further research work. 1. INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis generally occurs when the fatty, yellow-colored plaques i.e. (atheroma‘s) build up on the artery walls, narrowing the arteries and restricting the flow of blood [1]. It also known as arteriosclerosis, in which plaque of cholesterol is developed within walls of artery and result‘s in the restriction of blood flow. Further constricted artery circulation leads to less supply of oxygen to heart muscle, results in chest pain [2]. When cholesterol is passing through blood stream it converted into LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) also name as ‗Bad Cholesterol. If concentration of LDL Cholesterol is high, it can dramatically raise your risk of heart attack [3] . Plaque make arteries narrower, eventually leads to reduced or blocked blood flow. Some of the risk factor recognized in the development of atherosclerosis is hypertension, smoking, obesity, aging, dyslipidemia and diabetes. It involves both environmental and genetic risk factor. It is most common in developed countries such as Canada, atherosclerosis is leading cause of illness & death [4]. According to recent studies, one in five deaths in Canada is occurring due to atherosclerosis. Also in 7.1 million Americans experienced a heart attack during their Journal of Diseases 2018 Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 10-23 ISSN(e): 2410-6550 ISSN(p): 2413-838X DOI: 10.18488/journal.99.2018.51.6.19 © 2018 Asian Medical Journals. All Rights Reserved.