                     Notes In citing works in the notes, short titles have generally been used. Works frequentlycitedhavebeenidentifiedbythefollowingabbreviations: LZ Lüxing zazhi [Chinatraveler] SSCYD Shanghaishangyechuxuyinhangdang’an[Thearchives of ShanghaiCommercialandSavingBank],1915–50.Shanghai MunicipalArchives. ZLZD Zhongguolüxingshezongshedang’an[Thearchivesofthe HeadOfficeofChinaTravelService],1923–54.ShanghaiMunicipal Archives. Foreword 1. “Outbound Tourism—Travel (Million US Dollars),” Knoema, World Data Atlas, accessed December 29, 2020, https://knoema.com/atlas/topics/Tourism/ Outbound-Tourism-Indicators/Outbound-tourism-travel. 2. Foraconcisesummary,aswellasanextensivebibliographydesignedtohelp withfurtherreading,seeEricG.E.Zuelow, A History of Modern Tourism (London: Palgrave,2016). 3. For example, Mary Louise Pratt,  Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transcul- turation , 2nd ed. (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2008); Kathleen R. Epelde, “Travel GuidebookstoIndia:ACenturyandaHalf of Orientalism”(PhDdiss.,University ofWollongong,2004). 4. Zuelow,History of Modern Tourism. 5. F. E. Stanford, “Mokanshan,” in  With Our Missionaries in China, ed. Emma Andersonetal.(MountainView,CA:PacificPress,1920),329. 6. ShelleyBaranowski, Strength through Joy: Consumerism and Mass Tourism in the Third Reich (Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2004). 7. Ellen Furlough, “Making Mass Vacations: Tourism and Consumer Culture inFrance,1930sto1970s,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 40,no.2(April 1998):247–86. 8. Diane P. Koenker,  Club Red: Vacation Travel and the Soviet Dream (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013); Christian Noack, “Building Tourism in One Country?TheSovietizationof Vacationing,1917–41,”in Touring beyond the Nation: A Transnational Approach to European Tourism History ,ed.EricG.E.Zuelow(Farnham, UK:Ashgate,2011),171–93. 213