Enhancement of the device characteristics for
nanoscale charge trap flash memory devices utilizing
a metal spacer layer
Hyun Woo Kim, Joo Hyung You, Dea Uk Lee, and
Tae Whan Kim
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Hanyang University
Seoul, 133-791, Korea
twk@hanyang.ac.kr
Keun Woo Lee
Research and Development Division
Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
Icheon-si, Kyungki-do, 467-701, Korea
Abstract—Nanoscale charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices
with a metal spacer layer were designed to decrease the
interference effect and to increase the fringing field effect and
the coupling ratio. The optimum metal spacer depth of the
memory devices was determined to enhance the device
performance of the memory devices. The drain current and the
threshold voltage shifts of the CTF memory devices were
increased due to an increase in the fringing field and the
coupling ratio resulting from the existence of the optimized metal
spacer. The interference effect between neighboring cells was
decreased due to the shielding of the electric field resulting from
the existence of the metal spacer layer.
Keywords-charge trap flash memory; interference effect;
fringing field; coupling ratio
I. INTRODUCTION
Low-cost and high-density nonvolatile memory (NVM)
devices have been currently receiving considerable attention
for potential applications in portable devices [1-4]. Among the
NVM devices, the charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices
have been particularly interesting because of potential
applications in mobile devices due to their excellent
advantages of better scaling capability and smaller capacitive
coupling interference between the adjacent cells in comparison
with traditional floating gate flash memory devices [5].
However, the scaled down CTF memory devices still have
inherent problems of the coupling interference between the
adjacent cells in a bit-line direction [6-10]. The metal spacer
layer existing in both sides of each memory cell closes to the
Si substrate, resulting in an increase of the interference effect
and fringing field on the channel area. However, a high electric
field in an oxide layer between the metal spacer layer and the
Si substrate is generated due to the small distance between the
lower edge of the metal spacer and the Si substrate, resulting in
a high gate leakage current [11]. Even though some works
concerning the coupling interference phenomenon in the CTF
memory devices have been conducted [10], systematic studies
on the decrease in the coupling interference of the CTF
memory devices utilizing a metal spacer with an optimum
depth are very important for enhancing their device
performance and density.
This paper reports data for the device characteristics of the
decrease of the interference effect between neighbor cells and
to increase the fringing field on the channel surface between
cells and the coupling ratio of the control gate for the CTF
memory devices fabricated utilizing a metal spacer. The
optimum size of the metal spacer layer for the CTF memory
devices was determined by using a technology computer-aided
design (TCAD) simulation tool taking into account the gate
leakage current, the interference effects, and the fringing field
effects.
II. FABRICATION PROCESS
Nanoscale metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor,
denoted by CTF memory devices, memory devices with a
metal spacer layer are designed by using the conventional
device process technology. The cleaned Si wafer is used as a
substrate, as shown in Fig. 1(a). After the deposition of the
tunnel oxide and the nitride layers, the nitride layer is etched,
as shown in Fig. 1(b). After the deposition of the blocking
oxide layer shown in Fig. 1(c), the blocking oxide layer is
etched, as shown in Fig. 1(d). After the metal electrode is
deposited, the source/drain is doped, as shown in Fig. 1(e).
Finally, the gates and the source/drain contacts are patterned,
as shown in Fig. 1(f). The thicknesses of the oxide-nitride-
oxide layers formed on the substrate are 4/5/6 nm. The doping
concentrations of the source region, the drain region, and the
substrate are 3×10
18
, 3×10
18
, and 1×10
17
cm
-3
, respectively. Fig.
1(f) shows the fabricated memory devices with a 30-nm
channel length and a 14-nm length between neighboring cells.
The metal spacer layer is formed to surround the nitride trap
layer in the proposed CTF memory devices. The distance
between the lower edge of the metal spacer and the Si substrate
is defined as the metal spacer depth, as indicated in Fig. 1(f).
The thickness of the blocking oxide and the oxide layers
between the metal spacer and the nitride trap layers is 6 nm.
The left and right cells in memory devices for conventional
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