Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction Hypertension (HT) is a commonly diagnosed chronic disease in the world. It is developed due to specifc factors that narrow the blood vessels (the arteries), force the heart to exert excessive pressure against vessel walls, and push the heart to work harder to maintain the blood circulation in the body. 1,2 Therefore, uncontrolled chronic HT leads to extreme pathological complications. 1,2 These include; blood vessel wall damage involving wall thickening, hardening, and fat accumulation, which were developed from atherosclerosis. 1,2 This will lead to narrowing the blood vessel that could cause ischemia or stroke by forming blood clots that could cause potential damage. 3 In addition, HT can cause blindness due to reduced blood supply to the eye’s tissue area, leading to blurred vision or complete loss of sight. 4 In addition, increased workload on the myocytes will lead to actin and myosin flaments of the ventricular parts of the heart gradually enlarge which may lead to ventricular cardiac hypertrophy, which is a signifcant sign of HT. 5 Also, HT leads to impairing the glomerular fltration process and damage the glomeruli in the kidneys, which leads to a decrease in the ability of protein retention. Therefore, the protein appears in the urine, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). 6 In addition, HT can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), comprising coronary artery disease (CAD), which will contribute to heart failure (HF). 5 Therefore, uncontrolled HT is directly contributed to the increased global mortality and morbidity rates. 7 HT is one of the most common factors for deaths worldwide, afecting all income clusters of all countries. 8 It spreads about 29.2% in males and 24.8% in females, according to world health statistics in 2012. 9 Also, HT was responsible for 7.5 million deaths out of 58.8 Int J Fam Commun Med. 2021;5(4):123‒133. 123 ©2021 Sharaf et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Hypertension self-management and anti- hypertensive prevalence amid patients in Saudi Arabia via knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment Volume 5 Issue 4 - 2021 Sharaf E Sharaf, 1,2 Yasser Saleem Alharbi, 1 Reema Saud Alsharif, 1 Khalaf Hassan AlHassani, 1 Saif Hamdi Aldadi, 1 Omar Abdulaziz Alhawsawi, 1 Ghady Mohammed Qahaf, 1 Abdullah Jamil Alhassani 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia 2 Clinical research center, The Executive Administration of Research and Innovation, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Holy capital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Sharaf E Sharaf, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, 1st foor, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Western Region, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 532660411, Email Received: August 09, 2021 | Published: August 30, 2021 Abstract Background: Diagnosed cases with hypertension (HT) are elevating worldwide and in Saudi Arabia (SA). HT self-management amid patients is important for controlling the disease and its complications. The aim of this study is to perform an HT KAP evaluation amid patients with HT in SA. Subjects and methods: This Cross-sectional study was performed between January and April 2021. An administered validated online survey was presented to the patients via the Survey Monkey website-link. Data collectors contacted possible patients in several sites comprising; hospitals, shopping malls, and leisure-centers. The associations amid categorical variables were assessed via the chi-square test application. The Pearson correlation coefcient (r) measured potential correlations between the patients’ KAP and outcome variables. Results: This study surveyed 410 patients with HT with mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 144.1 mmHg ± 15.4 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90.2 mmHg ± 10.2, mean age 56 ± 11 years, range 18–80 years. Generally, 73% of patients showed good HT knowledge and 78% showed good HT attitude, whereas 77% revealed poor HT practice. Signifcant positive linear correlations were found amid attitude versus (with) knowledge (r= 0.40, P <0.001), practice with knowledge (r= 0.26, P <0.001), practice with attitude (r= 0.26, P <0.001), SBP with DBP (r= 0.57, P <0.001), whereas signifcant negative linear correlations were found amid SBP with knowledge (r= −0.13, P <0.05), SBP with attitude (r= −0.11, P <0.05), SBP with practice (r= −0.10, P <0.05), DBP with knowledge (r= −0.10, P <0.05), DBP with attitude (r= −0.14, P <0.05), and DBP with practice (r= −0.10, P <0.05). Surprisingly, 59% of patients didn’t administer any prescribed anti-hypertensives. Conclusion: The patients showed a very good attitude and knowledge regarding HT; however, these were not mirrored in their practice towards HT. Unproper administration of prescribed anti-hypertensive medicines without a proper healthy diet and exercise caused a direct contribution resulted in poor HT practice despite increased HT knowledge and awareness. Consequently, patients are advised to participate in the free HT health education programs provided by the ministry of health (MOH) to increase their knowledge of the importance of drug compliance and applications for improving HT self-management to better manage HT and its complications. Keywords: hypertension, knowledge, attitude, practice, anti-hypertensive medicines, Saudi Arabia, self-management, blood pressure, complications International Journal of Family & Community Medicine Research Article Open Access