World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8 (5): 453-458, 2012
ISSN 1817-3047
© IDOSI Publications, 2012
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjas.2012.8.5.1660
Corresponding Author: U. Ibrahim, College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria.
Tel: +08053663718, +08034374967.
453
Influence of Farmyard Manure and Weeding Regimes on
Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Zaria
U. Ibrahim and I.L. Hamma
College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons to investigate the effect
of farmyard manure and weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra. The study was a factorial experiment
laid out in split plot design, replicated three times. Farm yard manure was assigned as main plot treatments,
while weeding regimes was assigned as sub plot treatments. Parameters measured included plant height, number
of leaves plant , number of branches plant , leaf area plant , number of pods plant , pod yield plant
1 1 1 1 1
and pod yield ha . The results revealed that these parameters increased significantly with an increase in
1
treatments of both farmyard manure and weeding regimes. The significant increases were attributed to
availability of nutrients as well as appropriate timing of weeding which reduced the negative influence of weeds
in the field. Higher growth and yield parameters were observed in plots treated with 12 t ha of farmyard
1
manure and 3 weeding regimes. Therefore, application of 12 t ha of farmyard manure and 3 weeding regimes
1
which significantly enhanced growth and yield of okra is recommended to our farmers.
Key words: Farmyard manure Weeding regimes Okra Growth Yield
INTRODUCTION development of a sustainable cropping system and soil
Okra (Abelmoschu esculentus L. Moench) is widely organic matter for optimum growth and yield of okra [7].
cultivated as a fruit vegetable found in almost every All crops and weeds have the same basic nutrient
market in Nigeria and Africa [1]. It is usually grown on requirements, but differ in the way they respond to
small farm holdings in mixtures with staple crops such as nutrient availability [8, 9]. Making nutrients available to
yam, maize, cassava, cowpea and pepper or with various crops generally means making nutrients available to
vegetable crops [2-5]. In the tropics, soil fertility is one of weeds [10]. Variation in crop and weed responses to soil
the major constraints in crop productivity. This is because fertility regimes indicate the need for better understanding
the soils are poor in organic matter and available nutrients of interactions between management practices and
hence, productivity and sustainability decline over time species specific physiological and morphological
[6]. The decrease in soil fertility has raised concerns about characteristics [11]. The timing of nutrient availability
the sustainability of agricultural productivity at current relative to crop and weed demands upon nutrient supplies
levels. Future agricultural productivity will have to focus appears to be very important for determining the outcome
on using available nutrient resources more efficiently, of competitive interactions. In addition, the level of soil
effectively than in the previous periods. Livestock fertility determines the relative competitiveness between
remains such as poultry manure and farm yard manure are the crop and weeds [2]. At higher levels of N, weeds like
valuable resources which may be useful as a supplement wild oat are generally more competitive than crops [2].
or replacement of inorganic fertilizers [7]. In order to However, appropriate agronomic practices and
prevent the current global high price and short supply of management decisions can have a significant influence on
inorganic fertilizers and their deterious effects on the the type and number of weeds interfering with crops [10].
ecosystems, efforts should be geared towards the Understanding this relationship can help arable crop
fertility management through the supply of sufficient