2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN) 5 ISBN: 978-1-7281-8337-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE Scrutinizing Patterns of Air Pollution in India Ashima Tyagi Jagan Institute of Management Studies Delhi, India tyagiashima786@gmail.com Latika Kharb Jagan Institute of Management Studies Delhi, India latika.kharb@jimsindia.org Deepak Chahal Jagan Institute of Management Studies Delhi, India deepak.chahal@jimsindia.org Abstract-- In the past few years, urbanization has led to a widespread increase in air pollution around the world, which has forced extensive research in this field. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills approximately seven million people worldwide every year. Despite dramatic progress cleaning the air for so many years, air pollution continues to affect the environment causing severe health hazards. This paper aims to scrutinize the trends of air pollution in the World as well as in India. We have considered the effects of the two most fatal pollutants, particulate matter PM2.5, and PM10. The paper will investigate the places around the world with a high concentration of particulate matter along with the detailed analysis of air quality in India. Keywords-– Air Pollution, Particulate matter, Pollutants, Python Language I. INTRODUCTION Air pollution has turned into a pandemic, damaging the environment and having dire health consequences worldwide. Air pollution is termed as “great killers of our age” because of its dangerous health effects on humans [1]. The quality of air, in most of the developing countries like India, is deteriorating every year [2]. Every day, nearly 1,800 people in developing cities die as a result of exposure to urban air pollution [3]. Around 90% of deaths caused by air pollution happen in low- and middle-income countries. The rapid urbanization, specifically in Asia, has caused the air pollution problem more visible and its health burden more tangible [1]. Ambient air pollution, majorly caused by the burning of fossil fuels, exhaust from factories and industries, vehicle emissions, and of course, stubble burning, has become the dominant cause of deaths globally [4]. It doesn’t matter if the pollution is not visible; it can still cause acute damage [5]. According to the studies, pollutants like PM2.5 and PM10 can cause pernicious effects at a superficial level also. Long term exposure to fine particulate matter PM2.5 can lead to premature deaths, damage to the respiratory system, and can also affect the cardiovascular system [2]. The mortality rate of air pollution depicts an average shortening of life expectancy of nearly three years [6]. There is a need to scrutinize the trends in air pollution across the world and examine the countries that are contributing to this hazardous issue. The aim to analyze the amount of pollution caused by the two critical pollutants, i.e., particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, for the years 2014-2019, is brought out in this paper. The paper begins with the explanation of particulate matter followed by the analysis of pollution in the world to find out the countries with high levels of PM2.5 and PM10. Then, we have investigated India to figure out the air pollution pattern from 2014-2018. The paper concludes by discovering the cities with the highest average value of PM2.5 and PM10. A number of authors tried to surface the issue but superficially, this paper seeks to rectify this omission [5]. II. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) The World Health Organization (WHO) reports on six major air pollutants, namely particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead [7]. Among all these pollutants, the pollutant that is of significant concern is particulate matter (PM). Particulate matter is the collection of solid and liquid particles hovering in the air, which are considered as precarious for human health [8]. The matter consists of organic as well as inorganic particles, including dust, soot, smoke, pollen, and liquid droplets. Their sources of emission include industrial pollution, diffuse sources, natural sources like bushfires, and vehicle-generated pollution. According to the size of these particles, they are classified as PM10 and PM2.5. PM10 are the coarse dust particles that have a diameter in the range of 2.5 to 10 micrometers, and PM2.5 are the fine particles that are smaller with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers and cannot be seen with a naked eye [8]. PM2.5 is considered to be more damaging to human health than PM10 [4]. The process of building applications has been a journey and it varies depending on one's application requirements and purpose [9]. Fig. 1. Depicting the size of PM10 and PM2.5 III. DATASET The data used for the air pollution analysis is “OpenAQ”, acquired from the Kaggle repository. It represents the real-time air quality data from around the world and includes air quality measurements from 5490 locations in 47 countries from 2007 till now. The dataset contains only one table, i.e., 2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN) | 978-1-7281-8337-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362990 Authorized licensed use limited to: Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology. Downloaded on June 20,2022 at 05:19:55 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.