5781
INTRODUCTION
Forage production is dependent on soil type and cli-
matic conditions (Sotomayor-Ríos and Pitman, 2001). In
many countries, relatively low CP concentration (<10%
of DM; NRC, 2001) and relatively large water require-
ments (Rezaei et al., 2014) are the main limiting factors
for producing corn silage. Therefore, it is necessary to
consider unusual plants with great yield, CP concentra-
tion, and digestibility and reduced water requirements as
alternative feeds (Rezaei et al., 2014). Recently, certain
species of amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) have been consid-
Chemical composition, fermentation characteristics,
digestibility, and degradability of silages from two amaranth
varieties (Kharkovskiy and Sem), corn, and an amaranth–corn combination
1
N. Karimi Rahjerdi,* Y. Rouzbehan,*
2
H. Fazaeli,† and J. Rezaei*
*Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,
P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran; and †Animal Science Research Institute, P.O. Box 1483, Karaj 315, Iran
ABSTRACT: Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) is a C
4
plant adapted to poor soils and regions with limited
rainfall and high temperatures. The plant is character-
ized by a yield of up to 85 t/ha, CP concentration of up
to 28.5% of DM, and DM digestibility of 59 to 79%,
which may vary depending on the species and vari-
ety. The potential of this plant as a forage source for
ruminants has not been completely considered. This
study aimed at assessing the nutritive value of silages
from corn (Zea mays), 2 amaranth (Amaranthus hypo-
chondriacus) varieties (var. Kharkovskiy and Sem),
and an amaranth–corn combination by chemical com-
position, silage fermentation characteristics, in vivo
digestibility, and in situ DM degradability. Treatments
evaluated were ensiled corn var. hybrid SC 704 (EC),
ensiled amaranth var. Kharkovskiy (EK), ensiled
amaranth var. Sem (ES), ensiled corn–amaranth var.
Kharkovskiy mixture, and ensiled corn–amaranth var.
Sem mixture. Five sheep were used in a 5 × 5 Latin
square design experiment to determine in vivo digest-
ibility. The nylon bag technique was used to determine
the in situ DM degradability using 3 ruminally fstulat-
ed sheep. Compared with EK, ES had greater ash-free
NDF (NDFom) and CP concentrations. In comparison
with EC, the ensiled amaranths and corn–amaranth
mixtures had a greater (P < 0.001) concentration of CP
but less concentrations of NDFom, ADL (P < 0.001),
and water-soluble carbohydrates (P = 0.034). Silage
pH and ammonia-N concentration were the least (P <
0.001) for EC and greatest for ES. The EC had greater
(P < 0.001) concentrations of lactic and acetic acids
but less (P < 0.001) concentrations of propionic and
butyric acids compared with the other silages. The in
vivo DM digestibility (P = 0.035) and ME (P = 0.030)
of EK and ES were greater than those of EC. Effective
degradability of DM in EK and ES was less (P < 0.001)
than with the other silages. Overall, mixing amaranth
with corn improved concentration of CP and digest-
ibility of the mixed corn–amaranth silages and has the
potential of completing corn in ruminant diets.
Key words: amaranth, in situ degradability, in vivo digestibility, silage
© 2015 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. J. Anim. Sci. 2015.93:5781–5790
doi:10.2527/jas2015-9494
1
The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge Ali Mokhtassi-
Bidgoli from Tarbiat Modares University for his assistance with
agronomic management and statistical analysis of data, and Mr.
Gary Easton for his English language correction of the manu-
script. A special thanks to Mr. Ali Karimzadeh from ‘Panje Talaee
Cultivation and Industry’ (Tehran, Iran), which works on amaranth
production, for his kind support in supplying seeds of the amaranth
varieties and producing forage for this research.
2
Corresponding author: rozbeh_y@modares.ac.ir
Received July 4, 2015.
Accepted October 5, 2015.
Published December 18, 2015