Bringing Others into Us: School Leadership Meeting the Politics of
Identity
Jennie Billot, Unitec New Zealand, New Zealand
Abstract: How does a school maintain a sustainable identity within the rapidly changing society in which it is positioned?
As a result of global migrations of people, the demographics of societies are changing and creating increasingly diverse
communities, resulting in a challenging context for school leadership. The ‘research territory’ (Morrison, Lumby & Sood,
2006, p. 281) of diversity has mainly been occupied by those outside the domains of educational management and leadership,
so this paper aims to redress that imbalance. By examining the connections between diversity of population and school
identity, I identify how inclusive practices aimed at social equity can be used to draw diverse groups into a larger unifed
school community. There has been much debate about what constitutes ‘diversity’ in general terms and, given the multiplicity
of meanings for this concept, in this paper I focus on ethnocultural diversity which Au refers to as encompassing ‘groups
with shared histories and cultural knowledge’ (1995, p. 85). I refer to research fndings of an international study to identify
strategies and practices developed and implemented by principals in New Zealand to address increasing ethnocultural di-
versity. Identity can be viewed as the ‘combination of the internal experience of place and external participation in world
and society’ (Cockburn, 1983, p. 1). The principal holds a pivotal role in facilitating school identity and as leadership
emerges from social constructions of the self, so the principal works recursively with the concept of identity in the agency
of leadership. I identify the tension between efforts to value diversity and the achievement of social cohesion through consensus
building and contend that espoused concentration on issues arising from the multi-dimensional nature of diversity can divert
focus from the pursuit of equity.
Keywords: Ethnocultural Diversity, Identity, School Leadership
Introduction
I
COMMENCE THIS paper by declaring my
academic and political intent. I contend that
educational communities cannot be examined
in isolation in the same way that leadership
cannot be circumscribed by just policy and social
duty. Both entities exist within a quickly changing
global environment where communities constantly
refgure and priorities are modifed. While this
macro-dynamic infuences political efforts to pursue
social control, it may cause issues at the local level
to be less visible. Local contexts may not always
mirror global expressions, so by concentrating on
the issues at large, we risk passing over what is
happening locally. In the escalating call for educa-
tional researchers to acknowledge the impact of
globalisation, tension has developed between fnding
global solutions and developing locally appropriate
practices. In response to this tension and Dimmock’s
observation that ‘astonishingly the leadership of
multi-ethnic schools has received little attention in
the literature’ (2005, p. 82), I focus on the position
of the school community within a changing global,
national and local context.
Currently, migrations of large numbers of people
are a global reality. These movements result from
the desire to relocate in regions of greater opportunity
through to forced migration arising from social or
political dislocation. As a result, societies are chan-
ging and becoming more diverse in character (Dim-
mock, Shah & Stevenson, 2004). Such changing
demographics alter the nature of the environment in
which individuals are situated, becoming apparent
at the micro level of the community and school with
school leadership roles becoming more pluralistic
as schools face ‘critical adaptive challenges’ (Madsen
& Mabokela, 2002, p. 1). In this paper I critique how
school leaders create cohesive school communities
within such complex circumstances. There has been
concern raised that current research does not provide
theory on how principals remain effective in chan-
ging environments. Acknowledging that there are a
multitude of effects resulting from population
change, I focus on issues related to the connections
between diversity of population and school identity.
Furthermore, I identify the legitimacy of how inclus-
ive practices aimed at increasing equity can be used
to draw diverse groups into a larger unifed school
community.
It is well documented that schools have been
transformed by cultural multiplicity (Dimmock &
Walker, 2005), with the result that multiculturalism
has become the dominant discourse of the current
century, although as the term multiculturalism is
applied in many different ways and to varied con-
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIVERSITY IN ORGANISATIONS, COMMUNITIES AND NATIONS,
VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2, 2007
http://www.Diversity-Journal.com, ISSN 1447-9532
© Common Ground, Jennie Billot, All Rights Reserved, Permissions: cg-support@commongroundpublishing.com