© Published by Ege University Faculty of Fisheries, Izmir, Turkey Su Ürünleri Dergisi (2013) http://www.egejfas.org Ege J Fish Aqua Sci 30(1): 21-24 (2013) DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2013.30.1.04 RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol on cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) 2-Fenoksietanolün sübye Sepia officinalis L. üzerine etkisi Halil Şen* • T. Tansel Tanrıkul Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Aquaculture Department, 35440, Urla, Izmir, Turkey *Corresponding author: halil.sen@ege.edu.tr Özet: Sepia officinalis üzerine 2-fenoksietanolün (2-PhOH) etkisi incelenmiştir. 2-PhOH’ün farklı dozları (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 ve 0,30 ml/L) 15 litrelik şeffaf cam akvaryumun içinde bulunan ve sürekli havalandırılan 10 litre deniz suyunda (pH 7,68; O2 6,8 mg/L; sıcaklık 19,7°C ve tuzluluk ‰37) çözündürülmüştür. 2-PhOH uygulamalarından sonra sübyeler hemen içinde 450 litre iyi havalandırılmış deniz suyu bulunan polyester ayıltma tanklarına nakledilmiştir, burada 48 saat boyunca ölüm olup olmayacağı gözlenmiştir. Ortalama vücut ağırlığı 224,46 ± 56,20 gr (n=30) olan sübyelerden her deneme grubu için tek tek olacak şekilde 6 birey kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 0,10 ml/L 2-PhOH konsantrasyonunda ne anestetik etki nede ölüm gözlenmiştir, ama 0,15 ile 0,30 ml/L 2-PhOH konsantrasyonlarında %50’nin üzerinde ölüm olmuştur. Yaşama yüzdeleri 0,10 ml/L için %100, 0,15 ve 0,20 ml için %33,3 ve 0,25 ve 0,30 ml/L için %16,7 olarak hesaplanmıştır (P<0,05). Hayatta kalanlar 5 dakika içinde ayılmıştır ve 48 saatten fazla yaşamışlardır. Sonuç olarak, 2-PhOH anestetik olarak etkisiz oluşu ve toksisitesi nedeniyle S. officinalis için önerilmemektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: 2-Phenoxyethanol, anestezi, sübye, Sepia officinalis, toksisite. Abstract: Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PhOH) on cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (L.) were investigated. The five concentrations (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 ml/L) of 2-PhOH were dissolved directly into 15 L transparency glass aquarium containing of 10 L continuously aerated seawater (pH 7.68, O2 6.8 mg/l, salinity 37‰ at 19.7°C). After 2-PhOH treatments, the cuttlefishes were transferred immediately to a polyester recovery tank with 450 L of well-aerated seawater, where they were observed in 48-h due to any mortality. Six cuttlefishes, the mean body weight was 224.46 ± 56.20 g (n=30) were used individually in each experiment. According to the present results, at 0.1 ml/L of 2-PhOH level neither anesthetic effects nor mortality occurred on the cuttlefish, but more than 50% mortality occurred between 0.15 and 0.30 ml/L of 2-PhOH concentrations. The percentages of survival were 100% for 0.10 ml/L, 33.3% for 0.15 and 0.20 ml/L, and 16.7% for 0.25 and 0.30 ml/L of 2-PhOH concentrations (P<0.05). The reminders recovered within 5 minutes and survived over 48 hours. Finally, the current study demonstrated that 2-PhOH could not be recommended for S. officinalis due to its inefficiency and toxicity. Keywords: 2-Phenoxyethanol, anaesthesia, cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, toxicity. INTRODUCTION Anesthetic agents are widely used fisheries and aquaculture to immobilize animals for transport, vaccination, measuring or weighing, sorting and tagging, sampling for blood or gonadal biopsies, and collection of gametes, besides to comfortable handling, permit the performance of painful procedures and decrease stress (Le Bras, 1982; Summerfelt and Smith, 1990; Kreiberg and Powell, 1991; Gewick et al., 1999; Ross and Ross, 1999; Small, 2003). Several anesthetic such as MS222, 2-Phenoxyethanol, clove oil, etc. has been commonly used in fish or fisheries operations (Summerfelt and Smith, 1990; Guilderhus and Marking, 1987; Maylonas et al., 2005). Among them 2-Phenoxyethanol is considered very suitable for aquaculture practices because of its easy preparation, low price, rapid action, fast and uneventful recovery (Pucéat et al., 1989; Weyl et al., 1996) and bactericidal and fungicidal characteristics (Jolley et al., 1972). It is well recorded that the effective anesthetic concentrations of 2-PhOH in several of species of fish have been reported and ranged from 0.2-0.6 ml/L (Summerfelt and Smith, 1990; Guilderhus and Marking, 1987; Mattson and Riple, 1989; Josa et al., 1992; Hseu et al., 1996, 1997, 1998; Kaminski et al., 2001; Ortunõ et al., 2002; Maršic et al., 2005; Tsantilas et al., 2006). However, scarce data are available about the effects of 2-PhOH in terms of appropriate anesthetic and its doses or its toxicity for cephalopods, especially the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. The cuttlefish, S. officinalis is one of the most easily cultured cephalopods (Richard, 1971; Pascual, 1978; Boletzky and Hanlon, 1983; Forsythe and., 1994; Lee et al., 1998; Domingues et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2002, 2003a), and is a commercially important species throughout the world ( Roper et al., 1984). Furthermore, it is highly adaptable to life in captive conditions (Forsythe et al., 1994; Domingues et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2005, 2006; Sykes et al., 2006; Şen, 2009). The animals are particularly difficult to handle as they are not only quick but also have a very sensitive skin. Even, due to its habit to grab and hold things, the animal is not easy to handle all along treatment. Records