Fractal Dimension and Retinopathy Retinal Vascular Fractal Dimension and Risk of Early Diabetic Retinopathy: A Prospective Study of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Running title: Fractal Dimension and Retinopathy Shueh Wen Lim, BMedSci 1 ; Ning Cheung, MBBS 1 ; Jie Jin Wang, PhD 1,2 ; Kim C Donaghue, MBBS, PhD 3 ; Gerald Liew, MBBS, MMed 2 ; FM Amirul Islam, PhD 1 Alicia J Jenkins, MBBS, MD 4 ; Tien Y Wong, MBBS, PhD 1, 5 (1) Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (2) Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Australia (3) The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia (4) Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (5) Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore Correspondence to: Jie Jin Wang jiejin_wang@wmi.usyd.edu.au Submitted 15 April 2009 and accepted 3 August 2009 This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher- authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org. Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 18, 2009 Copyright American Diabetes Association, Inc., 2009