International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
11492
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: D4260118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D4260.118419
Abstract: Forecasting future price of financial instruments
(such as equity, bonds and mutual funds) has become an ongoing
effort of financial and capital market industry members. The most
current technology is usually applied by high economic scale
companies to solve the ambitious and complicated problem. This
paper presents optimization solution for a deep learning model in
forecasting selected Indonesian mutual funds' Net Asset Value
(NAV). There is a well-known issue in determining a deep
learning parameters in LSTM network like window timestep and
number of neurons to be used in getting the optimal learning from
the historical data. This research tries to provide solution by
utilizing multi-heuristics optimization approach consists of
Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
to determine the best LSTM's network parameters, namely
window timesteps and number of neurons. The result shows that
from the nine selected mutual funds, PSO outperforms GA in
optimizing the LSTM model by giving a lower Root Square Mean
Error (RMSE) by 460.84% compared to GA's. However, PSO took
a longer execution time by 1.78 times of GA's. This paper also
confirms that based on RMSE for both training and evaluation
dataset, equity mutual fund's forecasted NAV has the highest
RMSE followed by fixed income mutual fund's forecasted NAV
and money market mutual fund forecasted NAV.
Keywords: long short-term memory; recurrent neural network;
genetic algorithm; particle swarm optimization; financial
instruments prediction; mutual funds
I. INTRODUCTION
Financial instruments forecasting has been a fascinating
subject ever since its establishment, while the prediction itself
is both ambitious and complicated issue, the growing
collected data nowadays could be a potential fuel to machine
learning approach. It is the act of trying to foretell the future
value of financial instruments such as mutual funds traded on
a market. The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) suggests
that stock prices as one of the financial instrument reflect all
currently available information and any changing price are
not based on recent revealed information, so it is
unpredictable [1]. A famous random walk down wall street
also claimed that stock prices could not be accurately
predicted by looking at price history [2], Malkiel argued,
stock price are best described by a statistical process called a
“random walk” meaning deviations from the central value are
Revised Manuscript Received on November 15, 2019
* Correspondence Author
Hendri, Master’s degree, computer science, Nusantara University
Antoni Wibowo, Associate Professor, Department of Decision
Sciences, School of Quantitative Sciences , Universiti Utara Malaysia
(UUM).
Rina Novita Sari , Bachelor of Engineering, Civil Engineering,
University of Indonesia
random and unpredictable. Malkiel concluded that paying a
professional services to predict market is senseless rather than
help. This is supported by the fact that most cases the
portfolios managed by professional rarely outperform the
market average return after deducted by the professional fees.
Others disagree and those with these faiths backed them up
with various methods and technologies which as appears
enable them to predict future price.
A prediction methodology for most financial instruments
like stock falls into three common categories, they are
fundamental analysis, technical analysis and technological
methods. Fundamental analysis is derived on the belief that
company requires capital to make further progress and if the
company operates well, it should be rewarded with additional
capital and increased demand of the company stock thus
increase the stock’s value. Technical analysis is more
concerned on the trends of the price history which form a
time-series analysis. There are various techniques are used
such as exponential moving average (EMA), head and
shoulders, candle stick patterns and many more [3]. With the
recently developed method utilizing the technological
advance, machine learning are heavily utilized. An Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) has been used and demonstrating its
capability of addressing complex problems on several areas.
ANN approach may be promising to improve investor’s
forecasting ability. Multivariate analytical and techniques
using both quantitative and qualitative variables have been
repeatedly used [4] to assist the basis of investor stock price
expectations, as well as influence investment decision
making. Stock price prediction itself is considered as a
timeseries data. There are several approaches that normally
implemented on timeseries data, one of them is Recurrent
Neural Network (RNN), specifically Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) networks, this network by most is claimed
more appropriate for stock prediction as it is a time-series
data. According to [5] Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs),
particularly those using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
hidden units, are powerful and increasingly popular models
for learning from sequence data. The experiment done by
Siyuan Liu [6] produce accuracy rate of the single layer
LSTM by 0.66 and consequently add another layer, by
three-layer LSTM model up to 0.72 for the short period of
data. Thus, the more stack layers of LSTM model, the higher
accuracy of prediction results, and it was believed as its
necessary for LSTM network to be combined with existing
clustering techniques to gain
significant speed ups in training
and testing at minimum loss in
Timeseries Forecasting using Long Short-Term
Memory Optimized by Multi Heuristics
Algorithm
Hendri, Rina Novita Sari, Antoni Wibowo