eISSN: 2672-7226
© Penerbit UMT
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management
Volume 17 Number 1, January 2022: 16-31
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC:
THE CASE OF NYEGOL OF UPPER BENGOH
VENO, EVVIA
1
*, BALA, POLINE
2
AND EGAY, KELVIN
1
1
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
2
Institute of Borneo Studies, Universiti Malaysia
Sarawak.
*Corresponding author: 16020152@unimas.my
Submitted fnal draft: 15 April 2021 Accepted: 19 May 2021
Introduction
One of the concepts developed as a theoretical
framework to understand how communities are
able to cope with change or disturbance as a result
of stressors/triggers is community resilience.
Like many other concepts in social sciences,
there is yet to be a consensus on what community
resilience is, with different defnitions emerging
in academic literature, policy, and practice.
However, in this paper, it is invariably viewed
as positive and there is growing recognition that
resilience is seen as critical to a community’s
ability to withstand and mitigate the stress of
disturbance or disruption. Recent studies have
identifed several strategies and interventions
as components of community resilience. These
include an increase in adaptations and system
transformations (Nelson et al., 2007), strong
social/institution factors (Schwarz et al., 2011),
the importance of addressing and facilitating
recovery (Alonge et al., 2019) and rehabilitation
(Jamshed et al., 2019).
Drawing on the concept of community
capacity, this paper explores how the displaced
community in Nyegol negotiate and adapt to
the effects of disruption due to COVID-19. The
concept of community capacity has been used
to theorize the context of change and it is also
a component of social organisation (Mancini
& Bowen, 2009). Chaskin et al. (2001) outline
four action bases of community capacity: “(1)
a sense of community (2) commitment to the
community among its members (3) the ability
to solve problems and (4) access to resources”
(p.14). Resilience is attained through these
adaptive capacities. In contrast to an earlier
understanding of resilience as a measure of
“stability” (Holling, 1973), this paper argues it is
a process that leads to community’s adjustments
and adaptation. The question we want to explore
is how and what the community has done in
response to government efforts to minimize the
spread of the COVID-19 virus. This is important
because the success of government decisions and
Abstract: Drawing on anthropological observations, this paper throws its focus on the
Nyegol community in Upper Bengoh, Sarawak, to examine how and what the community
did to negotiate and adapt to the disruptions as a result of COVID-19. In a world changed
by COVID-19, the importance of understanding community resilience to health security
has garnered the attention and interests of scholars, health practitioners, and policymakers
worldwide. There are increasing attempts to understand, measure disaster preparedness, and
examine the ability of communities to negotiate the spread of the disease itself as well as
to adapt to the disruptive effects of the mechanisms put in place to halt the transmissions of
the virus. Based on Chaskin et al. (2001), this paper elaborates on the four characteristics of
a community in dealing with the pandemic, namely, a sense of community, commitment to
the community, ability to solve problems, and having access to resources. The community
has effectively mobilised mechanisms and resources, namely their social capital, and social
organisation, located within the locality. With that this paper suggests that it is important to
consider rural communities’ adaptive strategies and especially their own autonomy when
designing policies that affect their livelihoods.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, community resilience, nyegol upper bengoh, community
adaptive capacities, movement control order.
http://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.01.002