330.16
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with an Increased Risk of
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Small
Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation
Adam McCulloch
1
, Dunecan Massey
1
, Lisa Sharkey
1
,
Stephen Middleton
1
, Jackie Green
2
, Neil Russell
2
, Andrew Butler
2
,
Jeremy Woodward
1
1
Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge,
United Kingdom;
2
Transplant Surgery, Cambridge University Hospital
Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Vitamin D exerts a number of immunomodulatory effects.
Studies have shown a link between vitamin D deficiency and incidence of
acute rejection and infection in solid organ transplant recipients but none have
examined small bowel and multivisceral transplantation. We hypothesised
that vitamin D deficiency following small bowel or multivisceral transplant
may increase the risk of acute rejection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection,
sepsis or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
Methods: This was a single centre retrospective review of patients who had
received small intestinal or multivisceral transplants from January 2007 to
August 2016. Opportunistically measured post-transplantation vitamin D
levels were reviewed and compared with the onset of significant immunolog-
ical events within 6 months of each measurement. The control vitamin D
values included all transplant recipients’ vitamin D measures that did not cor-
respond with an immunological event within 6 months.
Results: A total of 57 transplants (11 intestinal, 15 modified multivisceral, 31
multivisceral) in 54 patients were evaluated (females: 26, avg age at trans-
plantation: 43.4 yrs, age range: 19–62). 8 patients were excluded due to insuf-
ficient data. Vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L as defined by the Endocrine
Society Clinical Practice 2011 guideline) was seen in 61.1% of patients
post-transplantation. A total of 205 vitamin D levels were reviewed with
65.0% of vitamin D measurements not corresponding with an immunological
event. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with PTLD (OR 9.31,
95% CI 1.82 - 47.7, p value 0.005). The average length of time between the
vitamin D level and PTLD diagnosis was 37 days (range 0 – 125). Average
length of time from transplantation to PTLD diagnosis was 211.5 days (range:
76 – 566). Low vitamin D levels were also significantly associated with mild
acute rejection (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4 – 9.1, p-value 0.008).
Conclusions: We have shown a strong association between vitamin D de-
ficiency and PTLD following multivisceral and small intestinal transplantation.
Vitamin D deficiency may increase susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infec-
tion leading to PTLD. Vitamin D deficiency had a significant association with
mild rejection but not more advanced grades of rejection. This may be due
a direct effect of vitamin D levels on intestinal apoptotic cell counts rather than
a risk factor for rejection and may lead to overdiagnosis of mild rejection.
330.17
Quality of Life (QoL) in Children After Small Bowel
Transplantation (SBTx) Using a Validated Generic Scoring System,
the Euroqol EQ-5DY
Lindsay Hogg
1
, Sarah Pugh
1
, Girish Gupte
1
, Jane Hartley
1
, Rob Jobe
1
,
Jacqueline Blyth
1
, Jemma Mears
1
, Thamera Perera
2
, Paola Muiesan
2
,
Darius Mirza
2
, Khalid Sharif
1
, Sue Beath
1
1
The Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham,
United Kingdom;
2
The Hepatobiliary and Transplant Unit, The Queen
Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is a subjective entity which can be difficult
to assess in children who estimate QoL differently from adults e.g. children will
usually value acceptance by peers above independence. The aim of this pilot
study was to evaluate the acceptability of a generic test of QoL and compare
the results with those of European population norms. The Euroqol EQ-5DY
was used – it is a fully validated questionnaire suitable for children older than
8 yrs (http://www.euroqol.org).
Subjects & Methods: Forty children & teenagers as of 1st Dec 2016 are in
follow up after SBTx in our programme, of whom 15/25 eligible patients were
assessed during their annual review. All 15 children rated themselves by
marking a visual analogue scale (VAS) 0–100 (100 being the best health they
could imagine), & choosing one of three responses to questions about mobil-
ity; self care; activities; pain; worries. 15 patients were excluded (age <8yr = 6;
age > 25 yr = 1; unwell with rejection or gastroenteritis = 5; recent SBTx= 3).
Results: Male 11; female 4. Median age =16.3 yrs (range 8.3 -21.0yr); me-
dian time since SBTx = 10 yrs (range 5–17); median age at transplant =
1.6yrs (range 0.5-11.75). All had experienced intestinal failure since birth
(aetiology: short bowel = 9; dysmotility = 6). Type of grafts were: combined
liver & bowel = 10; isolated SBTx =2; sequential liver then SBTx =2; modified
multivisceral SBTx =1.
VAS: mean = 84.2; median = 90 (range 5–100) 25th centile = 76; and 75th
centile =100. Domain results see table 1. The EQ-5DY was completed within
5 minutes & most children (12/15) rated themselves as having a quality of life
as good as their peer group (VAS score greater than 80). However, in two of
the domains: some children reported major concerns for pain and worries. In
the domain for worries, there was a trend (p=0.09) for older children, in the
process of transition to adult services, to score lower than children <14 yrs
of age. One young adult who was addicted to opiates reported very low quality
of life with a VAS score of 5/100. There was no association between the pres-
ence of a stoma, or type of graft and QoL scores.
Conclusion: The EQ-5DY is simple to use and was helpful as a screening
test at annual structured assessments for identifying individual children with
lower scores and facilitating targeted additional physiotherapy with orthopaedic
review (in two cases where hip pain was reported) and psychological support.
We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the nursing staff of ward 8
Birmingham Children’s Hospital and the collaborations with paediatric
gastroenterologists who have referred their patients and undertaken
shared care with us.
Reference:
1. Reference: Burström K, Bartonek Å, Broström EW, Sun S, Egmar AC
(2014). EQ-5D-Yas a health-related quality of life measure in children and ad-
olescents with functional disability in Sweden: testing feasibility and validity.
Acta Paediatr; 103(4):426–35.
FIGURE 1.
S88 Transplantation
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June 2017
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Volume 101
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Number S6-2 www.transplantjournal.com
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