ISSN 1070-3632, Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2018, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 2400–2409. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2018.
2400
Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Biological Studies
of New Pyridoxine HCl Mononuclear Drug Complexes
of V(III), Ru(III), Pt(II), Se(IV), and Au(III) Metal Ions
1
K. A. Alibrahim
a
, F. A. Al-Saif
a
, H. A. Bakhsh
a
, and M. S. Refat
a–c
*
a
College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Department of Chemistry, Saudi Arabia
b
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Al-Hawiah, Taif, 21974 Saudi Arabia
*e-mail: msrefat@yahoo.com
c
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said, Port Said University, Egypt
Received September 3, 2018
Abstract—Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B
6
; Pyr-H
3
) complexes with the formula [M(Pyr-H)(H
2
O)
4
]
.
Cl·nH
2
O [M=
V(III), Ru(III); n = 0.1], [Pt(Pyr-H)(H
2
O)(Cl)]
.
Cl, [Se(Pyr-H
3
)(O)(OH)
2
], and [Au(Pyr-H)(H
2
O)
2
]·Cl are
synthesized by the reactions of Pyr-H
3
with metal chlorides [V(III), Ru(III), Pt(II), Se(IV), and Au(III)] at 60°C in
methanol–water 50 : 50 v/v. The accumulated data of the elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, mass,
FT-IR,
1
H, and
13
C NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and magnetic moments support elucidated stoichiometry,
structures and chelation of the complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis of the synthesized solid complexes is
carried out for determining their thermal stability, number of crystalline water molecules and decomposition
steps. According to the physicochemical analyses Pyr-H
3
reacts with metal ions as a bidentate ligand via both
phenolate oxygen and oxygen of the CH
2
OH group. The antimicrobial and anticancer tests reveal that
complexes demonstrate higher antibacterial activity than free Pyr-H
3
chelate. According to the cytotoxic results
of Pt(IV) and Au(III) complexes in vitro based on human hepato cellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and human
breast cancer (MCF-7) tumor cell lines, the former one exhibits promising activity.
Keywords: vitamin B
6
, chelation, gold, platinum, physicochemical, anticancer
1
The text was submitted by the authors in English.
INTRODUCTION
Metallodrug complexes have played a major role in
the development of modern methods of chemotherapy
[1–5]. Metal-dependent drugs were also used to treat a
variety of diseases (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis,
inflammatory and cardiovascular) as well as in dia-
gnostics [6, 7]. Vitamin B
6
has some synonyms,
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) pyridine,
pyridoxine, and adermine. Different complexes of
vitamin B
6
with La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Er,
and Y(III) were synthesized and its antioxidative
activity was determined [8]. Pyridoxine deficiency can
cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems,
and ulcers in the mouth [9]. Vitamin B
6
is stored in
muscles and excreted only in urine in cases of
excessive intake [10]. Pyridoxine under various pH
conditions exhibits four interchangeable ionic forms.
At pH < 5 it occurs in the cationic form, its dipolar ion
form exists at pH 6.8, at pH 8 it is in the neutral form,
and it forms anionic form at pH > 8 [11] (Fig. 1). UV
spectra, acid dissociation constants [12], and NMR
[13] data of pyridoxine demonstrated that the first loss
of proton took place at its 3-hydroxy group. The
second ionization resulted in the loss of the pyridinium
proton. The crystal structure of pyridoxine
hydrochloride showed that both pyridine nitrogen and
phenolic oxygen can be protonated, as expected [14].
Complexation of manganese, nickel, and cobalt
with pyridoxine/pyridoxal in equilibrium media was
associated with the meta-oxy atom in situ [15]. The
coordination site of pyridoxine molecule depends on
the type of media. According to
13
C NMR pyridoxine
molecule acted as a bidentate ligand via the phenolic
oxygen and oxygen at the adjacent group in the
4'-position in aqueous media. In H
2
O–DMSO mixture
pyridine nitrogen became a more effective donor, and
with increased ratio of DMSO some cations were
coordinated by it rather than pyridoxine [16]. Single
DOI: 10.1134/S1070363218110245