Awasthi et al., International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(3): 1088-1093(2020) 1088 International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(3): 1088-1093(2020) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3255 Systematic Assessment on Extreme Heat Events and its Impact on Health Amit Awasthi 1 , Mamta Bansal 2 , Prabhjot Kaur 3 and Nirankar Singh 4 1 Department of Physics, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India. 2 School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University (Himachal Pradesh), India. 3 Department of Computer Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India. 4 Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana (Ambala), India. (Corresponding author: Amit Awasthi) (Received 23 March 2020, Revised 16 May 2020, Accepted 26 June 2020) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: Global warming condition and climate change expand the intensity and the frequency of extreme events. Among other extreme events, heat waves are now considered a major occupational and health hazards having significant cumulative association with health of living being around the world. In this paper, impact of extreme heat waves on the human health is carefully studied along with its other effects. It is interesting to observe that heat wave not only poses direct effect but also indirectly affect the system. Lot of studies has been done by the developed and modern countries which are carefully reviewed in this paper. Unfathomable analysis of this study is showing colossal acute association between extreme heat waves and mortality rate, which vary with diverse climate factors, sensitive population including elders and children. Paper also focused on advices and recommendations about general practices to public and clinical approaches that are anticipated as a solution to reduce health problems due to heat. Keywords: Extreme Heat Wave, Heat Index, heat vulnerability, human health. Abbreviation: HW, heat wave: HWs, heat waves. I. INTRODUCTION Critical variation in the atmospheric composition due to different anthropogenic activities, large number of change are observed locally and globally that affect the ecology of the system which later on poses serious threats on the health of the individuals. Global warming is one of the most drastic effects of this modernization that show lot of climate change around the world. Advancement in the technology no doubt make the life easy but due to mismanagement and irregularity done by the human beings natural composition of the environment is continuously changes due to which frequency of extreme events like drought, flood, thunder storms, high speed winds, high rain, Heat Wave (HW) and cold wave, etc. is continuously increased day by day. Out of these, HW is commonly and regularly observes events during particular months of the year especially in most of the heat conscious countries. Occurrence and strength of these heat waves in every year is the main concern of the researcher because of their significant effect on human health. Extreme heat waves are considered crucial and paramount hazards in environmental and occupational settings causing heat- induced mortality and morbidity and vector borne diseases [1-3]. Heat Waves (HWs) are one of the slightest considered and most underrated regular risks in the world. Numerous studies are now accessible and explored screening the connection between health related impediment and heat stress [2, 4]. Along with health impacts like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, dehydration, and heat stroke, these HWs also have impact on agriculture, ecosystems and national economy too. Many studies proved on the basis of occurrence and strength of HWs that HWs will be more intense in near future because of environmental and behavioral factors. These factors may involve climate change, weather conditions, social, culture, physiological conditions, vulnerable and sensitive group among society that pose a many challenges to the society [5, 6]. It is observed on the basis of study done from 1969 to 2005 that HWs and number of hot days are increasing in India [7]. Trend shows that temperature up to 11°C increases per century in India [8, 9]. Occurrence of HWs in Northern India is found in the range between five and six per year [10, 11]. Understanding the characteristics of HWs is thus extreme important to design appropriate corrective measures and to save health and reduce mortality rate. In the coming section, definition of HW and concept of HI are studied for various countries to understand the basics of HW and HI. This clarification and understanding regarding details of HW and HI, will helps author to understand its importance. For the present study, several research papers are systematically reviewed to examine the association between heat waves and its impact on human body in the form of morbidity and mortality in an international as well national context. II. HEAT WAVES Heat waves now a day’s very common climatic action that are very uncomfortable and poses an acute as well chronic effects. HW is classified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as one of extreme weather events due to Climate [12]. There is no exact definition of heat wave and varied as per the different situation like geographical condition, etc. although it is generally assumed as prolonged period of excessive heat. It is not possible to propose exact definition of HW as it depends upon the threshold of an individual, duration of an event and climate information e t