Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Background Cancer has detrimental effects on the human population. Scientists are exploring new forms of therapy and studying the components of various plants to combat the disease. Plants have naturally occurring secondary metabolites that have reduced side effects and properties that can be applied to cancer therapy. 6 Herbal medicines have been used for centuries in developing countries due to their antiseptic characteristics. Numerous plant species are currently being used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. By focusing mainly on herbal medicine used in developing countries, researchers have identifed different kinds of plants that exhibit anticancer properties. Some species of plants have compounds that are necessary for their survival, particularly alkaloids. 7 Alkaloids have and are still being tested for their capacity to initiate apoptosis and inhibit the growth of cancerous cells. Hence, their therapeutic effects are presently applied in cancer treatment. Psidiumguajava, guava, is a small tree belonging to the family Myrtaceae. 8 The plant is native to tropical areas from southern Mexico to northern South America. 9 While most people are familiar with its fruits, medical researchers are interested in the medicinal properities of the leaves of P. guajava. 9 For example, the leaves of the plant are boiled and the water can be consumed to avoid bleeding in DHF, and increased platelet counts to 100.000/mm3 within a period of approximately 16 h. 10 Also, the leaves of P. guajava have been used to prevent the conversion of complex carbohydrates to sugars which is useful in weight loss and the prevention of diabetes. 11 Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the P. guajava leaves relieves gastrointestinal issues by inhibiting the growth of harmful microbes. Furthermore, the leaves can be helpful during in treating colds by suppressing microbial activity and, thus reducing mucus production. 11 The P. guajava leaves are also used in the regulation of blood pressure. They prevent blood thickening and ease the blood fow, which is crucial for the brain and the heart. 11 The leaves of P. guajava enhance the digestive process by stimulating enzyme production and they serve as great laxatives which to relieve constipation as well. 12 The leaves also inhibit histamine production which lessens the effects of allergies and makes them a useful remedy in treating insect bites. 11 The leaves are even used to treat mild tooth aches, sores, and infamed gums. 11 The leaves of P. Guajava also contain copper which promotes healthy thyroid functioning, which is an important process in regulating hormone levels. Some people use the leaves of P. guajava to prevent and reduce the common sights of aging such as wrinkles and age spots. 11 In this regard, the extensive use and benefts of the P. guajava leaves have MOJ Cell Sci Rep. 2019;6(1):10‒15. 10 ©2019 Alhamdi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Investigating the anti-tumor potential of Psidiumguajava extracts on PC-3, A549, and BT-549 Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2019 Heba Alhamdi, 1 William Boadi, 2 VenkataswarupTiriveedhi, 1 Alekzander Garcia, 2 Steffani N Driggins, 3 Lewis Myles E 1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, USA 3 Department of Biology, Allen University, USA Correspondence: Lewis Myles E, Professor of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Harned Hall Room 213 Nashville, Tennessee 37209, USA, Tel +(615) 963-5789, Email Received: February 05, 2019 | Published: February 26, 2019 Abstract By April 2018, the number of persons diagnosed with new cancer cases in the United States stood at 1,735,350. The U.S. National Cancer Institute (2018) approximates that about 600,000 persons from this population succumbed to the disease. 1 Inferential statistics between 2015 and 2018 suggest that cancer incidence in the U.S. stands at 439.2 for every 100,000 individuals (the majority of whom are men). 2 Extracts from Psidiumguajava, which comprise adiverse array of polyphenols, display pharmacological properties, such as antioxidative and anti-infammatory effects. 3 Also, the phenolic components in the plant’s leaves exhibit anti proliferative properties (they deter certain cancer cell lines from replicating). The intrinsic anti tumor properties of the plant’s leaves are attributed to secondary metabolites comprising specifc polyphenols such as ethanolic extracts. 4 Recently, Vijaya and Manikandan also postulated that the antioxidant activity of P.guajava fruits could be effective for chemo therapeutic and chemo preventive uses. 5 This study investigates the antitumor potential of P.guajava extracts along three cancer cell lines: PC3 (prostate), A549 (lung), and BT549 (breast) cancer. Experimental approach: P. guajava yielded an ethanolic extract that was prepared into varied concentrations and later exposed to PC-3, A549, and BT-549 for 24hours. A fuorescent plate, Alamar blue, and a cell viability indicator were used to conduct the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An antibody-specifc, conjugated HRP (horseradish peroxidase) was used to detect the presence of caspase-3. The effect of the Psidiumguajava as a cellular antioxidant was evaluated via the peroxidation of lipid assays. Outcomes: Of the seven concentrations of the P. guajava extract, a considerable number of concentrations of the extract indicated that the extract effectively inhibited the three types of cancer cells (PC-3, A549, and BT-549) from proliferating. By inhibiting the formation of Malondialdehyde (MDA), the plant was effcient in suppressing the lipid peroxyl radicals, especially at the highest concentrations of the extract. The tested samples results of the study also suggest that the inhibition effect of the P. guajava extract was dose-dependent. Furthermore, caspase-3 was detected in PC-3, A549, and BT-549 at ethanolic concentrations of P. guajava, ranging which ranged from 0.39 mg/mL - 3.89 mg/mL. Conclusion: The experimental data suggest that P. guajava could be considered as a viable antitumor agent due to its natural cytotoxic compounds. In all, the antioxidant and anti proliferation capabilities of the extract of are exploited further for the treatment of prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. MOJ Cell Science & Report Research Article Open Access