Citation: Johanides, M.; Lokaj, A.;
Mikolasek, D.; Mynarcik, P.; Dobes,
P.; Sucharda, O. Timber Semirigid
Frame Connection with Improved
Deformation Capacity and Ductility.
Buildings 2022, 12, 583. https://
doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050583
Academic Editor: Jorge
Manuel Branco
Received: 25 March 2022
Accepted: 27 April 2022
Published: 30 April 2022
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buildings
Article
Timber Semirigid Frame Connection with Improved
Deformation Capacity and Ductility
Marek Johanides
1,2,
* , Antonin Lokaj
1
, David Mikolasek
1
, Petr Mynarcik
2
, Pavel Dobes
1,2
and Oldrich Sucharda
2,3
1
Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava,
708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; antonin.lokaj@vsb.cz (A.L.); david.mikolasek@vsb.cz (D.M.);
pavel.dobes1@vsb.cz (P.D.)
2
Centre for Building Experiments and Diagnostics, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; petr.mynarcik@vsb.cz (P.M.);
oldrich.sucharda@vsb.cz (O.S.)
3
Department of Building Materials and Diagnostics of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
* Correspondence: marek.johanides@vsb.cz
Abstract: The present study deals with the innovation and the possibilities of improving the design
solution of a frame connection for two selected types of fasteners. All specimens were made of
glued laminated timber. Dowel-type mechanical fasteners, a combination of bolts and dowels, and
full-threaded screws were used for the connection. The main goal of this research was to replace the
typical solution (common dowel-type fasteners) with a more modern, faster, and easier solution in
order to improve the load-carrying capacity, ductility, and deformation capacity of this type of frame
connection. This article also aimed to provide a detailed evaluation of the mechanical properties of
the used glued laminated timber and fasteners in order to comprehensively evaluate the research
task. For the design solution, a frame connection created from a system of two struts and a partition
was chosen as the basis of the experimental program. Dowel-type mechanical fasteners, as well
as combinations of bolts and dowels, were used for the connection; however, in addition to these
standardly used mechanical fasteners, full-threaded screws were used. The article describes the
use of static destructive testing to determine the ductility of the connection, considering different
variations in the strengthening of the individual segments of the mentioned connection means. In the
first variation, the individual components of the frame were not reinforced in any way. In the second,
the crossbar was reinforced with two full-threaded bolts. In the third, the webs and the crossbar were
reinforced with two full-threaded bolts. In the article, these ductility values were compared with
each other and the procedure was set by the currently valid standard.
Keywords: ductility; load capacity; timber; frame connection; screws; bolts and dowels; glued-
laminated timber
1. Introduction
Timber is an important building material for the sustainability of the construction
industry. The diagnostics of existing structures is related to the testing of their mechanical
properties [1]. The current possibilities of timber processing also allow the design of
multistory buildings [2] or long-span structures [3], where it is necessary to respect the
experience gained from previous accidents and structural failures [4]. For timber and
timber structures, the use of experimental tests of structural details [5,6] or structural parts,
e.g., whole frames [7], is very important. For example, the use of numerical modeling based
on the finite element method is also very important [8,9]. Interesting and important recent
experiments were also presented in [10].
Buildings 2022, 12, 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050583 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings