Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(7): 1690-1694 1690 Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.807.200 The Incidence of Tuberculosis and Various Factors Associated With Tuberculosis in Seropositive Patients Rakesh Kumar, Sweta Muni*, Somya Sinha, Shailesh Kumar and S.K.Shahi IGIMS, Patna, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary) but can also affect other parts of the body (extra-pulmonary) (1). TB is curable if patients with drug-susceptible organisms are treated on time and are given sufficient uninterrupted therapy (2). Despite the fact that TB is treatable and curable, it has proven difficult to eliminate, and this has been worsened by the HIV-AIDS pandemic (3). TB is one of the most common infections that threaten people living with HIV (PLWH) in developing world because they are 26-31 times more likely to develop TB than persons without HIV (2). Integrating TB and HIV services to ensure 90% of TB patients are tested for HIV and HIV patients are screened for TB(8) can reduce at least 10 000 deaths each year.(9) Priority steps to control TB have International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 07 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest opportunistic infection and cause of death in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 85% treatment success rate for all TB cases as an indicator of TB control. The study aimed at determining TB co infection among the seropositive cases. It was a cross-sectional study among seropositive patients whose sociodemographic characteristics with treatment history were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Sputum samples were collected and tested for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using a standard method according to national guideline for TB treatment to determine treatment success rate. Treatment success was defined as any HIV positive patient with a diagnosis of TB by acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear positivity at diagnosis, who after 6 months of complete treatment becomes smear negative. A total of 209 HIV patients were enrolled for this study. Fifty-nine (54.1%) were females, 106 (97.3%) were newly treated for TB. Eighty-five (78.0%) were treated in a government health facility. A total of 29 had tested positive for tuberculosis using Gene xpert and ZN microscopy. In our study we found 29 cases of tuberculosis among 209 seropositive patients which is 13.8%. Keywords Tuberculosis (TB), Treatment, HIV patients Accepted: 12 June 2019 Available Online: 10 July 2019 Article Info