978-1-6654-8303-2/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
Design and sizing of a microgrid system for a
University community in Nigeria
Stephen Ogbikaya
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John’s, Canada
sogbikaya@mun.ca
M. Tariq Iqbal
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John’s, Canada
tariq@mun.ca
Abstract—Due to the epileptic power experienced in Nigerian
national grid system, an on-grid microgrid system consisting of
PV panels, inverter, grid system and diesel generator set is
designed and sized for a university community in Nigeria. In this
paper, the load profile (kWh) of the campus was determined
based on the electric load of the campus. The electric load
obtained was used to design and size a campus microgrid system
for the university community with the aid of Homer Pro
software and the dimension of the area required for the
installation of the PV panels was determined by PVWATT
software. Results from simulation indicates that the dimension
of the area required for the PV installation is 17,696m2 and the
daily power generated from the microgrid system is always
above the electric load of the system. Further analysis shows that
88.0% of the annual energy generated to supply the electric load
of the campus can be produced by the PV panels and 12.0% by
the grid system. This in turn reduces the amount being spent on
electricity bill by the university campus by 88.0%.
Economically, the cost of installation of the microgrid system is
₦295M with a simple payback of 3 years 5 months.
Keywords—Microgrid, Hybrid power system, renewable energy,
Homer Pro, PVWATT software.
I. INTRODUCTION
Paper [7] states that despite its long history, electricity
generation has been very slow and had deteriorated over the
years in Nigeria. This is rarely expected given the country’s
enormous endowment in natural resources that facilitate and
enhance electricity production. While the generation,
transmission and distribution (GTD) deteriorated, the demand
for electricity exponentially increases continuously. This has
led to the electricity company been incapable of providing
minimum acceptable international standards of electricity
service reliability, accessibility and availability for the past
three decades. In [8], the writer indicated that Nigeria power
system is faced usually with problems of insufficient
generation and transmission lines, resulting in the overloading
and stressing of the network beyond their thermal limit
because of the increasing load demand.
This has led to consistent blackout nationwide. The
epileptic nature of electricity generation in Nigeria associated
with the existing 330kV network has become unbearable to
most Nigerians, especially in the big cities. It has posed a
constant threat to the growth of the country’s economy. The
existing 330KV network has series of drawback ranging from
inadequate generation, weak and fragile transmission lines
that is not robust enough to wheel out the generated power in
the network. The high load demand on the network makes the
network prone to voltage instability which causes voltage
limit violation in some of the buses that may lead to voltage
collapse in the entire network. Voltage collapse is
characterized by an initial slow progressive decline in the
voltage magnitude of the power system buses and a final rapid
decline in the voltage magnitude. The voltage problems
associated with the network are caused by long distance power
transmission (ie load centres far away from generating
stations) and overloading of the transmission line (ie
transmission lines carrying load beyond their available
transfer capacity).
The high load demand on the existing 330KV network
resulting to system insecurity and several voltage collapses on
the network has made it necessary for a microgrid system in
Nigeria. Paper [9] stated that the solar energy is available for
everybody, hence if harnessed, can sustain the electrical
energy need for meaningful development in Nigeria.
Although the initial cost implication may be high, but on the
long run, it is more economical because of its renewable
nature, less maintenance cost and its environmental
friendliness. Hence, for sustainable development to take place
in Nigeria, the government, corporate bodies and individuals
should focus on photovoltaic power generation as one of the
most viable option that could drive the civilization for ever.
This research is focused on the design and sizing of a
microgrid system for a university campus in Nigeria taking
Edo State University Uzairue, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria as a
case study. Site details, load date and design of a microgrid
system are presented below.