OBJECTIVES:
To review recently published
studies that describe the presence
of selected cancer-related symp-
toms and relationships between
them in the gero-oncology popula-
tion.
DATA SOURCES:
Research studies, review articles,
and government documents.
CONCLUSION:
Cancer-related symptoms have
been studied for over two de-
cades, yet little is known about
the functional effects of age on the
disease experience.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
PRACTICE:
Nurses are encouraged to con-
sider symptoms related to other
chronic illnesses that contribute to
an older person’s daily living
when planning oncology nursing
care.
SYMPTOM
CORRELATES IN
THE GERO-
ONCOLOGY
POPULATION
ANN REINER AND CHERYL LACASSE
S
YMPTOM management in the population of aging
adults with a diagnosis of cancer is currently built
on a body of knowledge emerging from a blending
of existing understanding in cancer symptom
management and geriatric health care. Whether
disease- or treatment-related, the impact of cancer symptoms in
this population has not been extensively studied. Older adults
have been included, although under-represented, in clinical
treatment trials.
1–3
However, there has been few treatment or
supportive care trials to explicitly describe symptom responses
in this population. Despite the lack of evidence, clinical obser-
vations confirm that older adults with cancer experience symp-
toms that affect their daily living. Although multiple symptoms
are associated with cancer and its treatment, several are com-
mon to many patients. Oncology care providers have long
observed that pain and fatigue are commonly experienced
symptoms in all ages of patients, often a result of cancer, its
treatment, and the psychosocial response to both.
4–6
Changes
in mood frequently accompany a diagnosis, treatment, and the
experience of symptoms or recurrence of cancer.
5,7,8
Mood
disturbances, possibly compounding normal aging changes, can
initiate sleep disturbances.
5,9
The effect of age in the cancer
symptom experience is a complex multidimensional phenome-
non that is beginning to be explored.
10
Kagan
11
has suggested that it is necessary to organize a nursing
research agenda around the many unknowns within the popula-
tion of aging people with cancer. She offers the term “gero-
oncology” as a label to help collate information about physiologic
aging and cancer biology; advances in cancer treatment and their
From the College of Nursing, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Ann Reiner, RN, MN, OCN®: Doctoral
student in the College of Nursing, Univer-
sity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Cheryl
Lacasse, RN, MS, OCN® : Doctoral student
in the College of Nursing, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Supported in part by scholarships in
cancer nursing DSCN-03-204-01, DSCN-
03-204-03 (A.R.), and DSCN-03-200-01
(C.L.) from the American Cancer Society
and by the John A. Hartford Foundation’s
Building Academic Geriatric Nursing Ca-
pacity Scholarship program grant no. 04-
115.
Address correspondence to Ann Reiner,
RN, MS OCN®, 4006 NE Couch St, Port-
land, OR 97232; e-mail: reinera@ohsu.edu
© 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
0749-2081/06/2201-$30.00/0
doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2005.10.004
20 Seminars in Oncology Nursing, Vol 22, No 1 (February), 2006: pp 20 –30