© 2008 The Author
Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Learning in Health and Social Care, 7, 3, 157–167
Original article
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Strategies used by nurses when managing the
emotional needs of patients
John Anthony Fulton Ed D, M Phil, M Sc, BA, RN
Principal Lecturer in Nursing and Health Studies, School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland,Wharncliffe
Street, Sunderland SR1 2SD, UK
Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which nurses in acute care settings can address the
emotional needs of their patients and uses psychoanalytical concepts to provide a level
of explanation. It is acknowledged that dealing with the emotional needs of patients is
a key function of the nurse’s role; however, there is much in the literature, particularly
that from a psychoanalytical perspective, that would suggest that, in practice, defences
are often used as a way of avoiding involvement with patient. This qualitative study
used observational techniques as a means of collecting data from two settings in a large
teaching hospital, one an acute surgical ward and the second setting was award
specializing in haematological conditions. In the two settings, nurse–patient
interactions differed. In the haematological ward, the emotional needs were
acknowledged and addressed, whereas in the acute surgical ward institutional defences
predominated, which prevented close patient involvement. The emotional needs were
often passed onto the medical staff or nurse specialists, which could prevent nurses
developing the requisite skills. Certain important conclusions were elicited from the
data. As with any qualitative analysis, this was in keeping with a particular research
framework and another framework, or indeed another researcher may have drawn
different conclusions. The main conclusions drawn were the following: the nurses
working in the haematological setting had developed many of the skills necessary
to deal with patients’ emotional needs. In the surgical setting, the organizational
system did not allow the nurses to engage sufficiently to build and develop these
particular skills.
Keywords
emotions, observation,
psychoanalysis,
qualitative research
Corresponding author.
Tel. 0191 515 2529;
fax: 0191 515 2229;
e-mail: john.fulton@
sunderland.ac.uk
Introduction
In nursing, as in all the healthcare professions, there
is a drive to give holistic care that focuses not only on
the physical needs of patients but also on their
emotional and social needs. In the literature, there
is a body of work, focusing on insights from
psychoanalysis, which would suggest that this might