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The Pharma Innovation Journal 2017; 6(3): 209-212
ISSN: 2277- 7695
TPI 2017; 6(3): 209-212
© 2017 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 01-01-2017
Accepted: 02-02-2017
Sujatha Singh
Assistant Professor, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and
Epidemiology, P.V. Narasimha
Rao Telangana Veterinary
University, College of Veterinary
Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana.
India
Nelapati Krishnaiah
Professor and Head, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and
Epidemiology, P.V. Narasimha
Rao Telangana Veterinary
University, College of Veterinary
Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana.
India
Thirtham Madhava Rao
Professor and Head, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and
Epidemiology, Sri Venkateswara
Veterinary University, College of
Veterinary Science, Tirupati -
515701Andhra Pradesh. India
Ramani Pushpa
Professor and Head, Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, Sri
Venkateswara Veterinary
University, NTR College of
Veterinary Science,
Gannavaram- Andhra Pradesh.
India
Gopala Reddy
Professor and Head, Department
of Veterinary Pharmacology and
Toxicology, P.V. Narasimha Rao
Telangana Veterinary
University, College of Veterinary
Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana.
India
Correspondence
Sujatha Singh
Assistant Professor, Department
of Veterinary Public Health and
Epidemiology, P.V. Narasimha
Rao Telangana Veterinary
University, College of Veterinary
Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana.
India
Effect of heat processing on degradation of
organophosphorus compounds in milk
Sujatha Singh, Nelapati Krishnaiah, Thirtham Madhava Rao, Ramani
Pushpa and Gopala Reddy
Abstract
In the present scenario, usage of pesticides are inevitable to meet the demands of growing population and
to secure the food grain production, there is need for regular screening of milk and milk products for
pesticide residues which is being felt in the trade and also at the consumers level. The present work was
undertaken to study the effect of heat processing on degradation of various Organophosphorus
compounds (Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion and methyl Parathion) in both
natural and spiked samples of milk were heated to pasteurization temperature (63 ºC for 1/2hrs),
sterilization (121 ºC for 15 minutes) and boiling (5min) respectively. Extraction and Cleanup of samples
was done by employing QuEChERS method and analysed by GC-FPD. The mean concentration levels of
pesticide residues were assessed and degradation percentage of respective pesticide in different food
processing methods were calculated. Sterilization and boiling proved to be highly effective on
degradation of Organophosphorus compounds than pasteurization temperatures.
Keywords: Organophosphorus residues, QuEChERS method, gas chromatography- flame photometric
detector
1. Introduction
Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy and over 58% of the rural households depend
on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. Usage of pesticides are usually authorized
and their toxic pattern is evaluated to determine the acceptable exposure for both farm workers
and consumers but excessive use and misuse in developing countries is common practice
[1]
.
Usage of older, non-patented, inexpensive and environmentally stable chemicals were creating
serious acute health problems and producing local and global ecological imbalance
[2]
. Most of
the applied pesticides find their way as “residues” in the environment, terrestrial and aquatic
food chains where they concentrate and magnify biologically in nature.
[3]
. The use of
Organochlorine compounds (OC) has been replaced by Organophosphorus compounds (OP),
which becomes a major public health problem, usually spraying of pesticides and consumption
of contaminated feed are main reason for accumulation of OP residues in fat, muscle and also
in milk
[4]
. Since humans occupy the peak of food pyramid and the residue accumulation is
more in them. Thus, food, mainly fatty foods, meat, fish and dairy product have been
identified at the primary immediate intake route for pesticides in general population
[5]
. It is
necessary to evaluate changes in the nature of the residues during commercial and household
food processing and the fate of pesticides in food
[6]
. The concept of food processing is very
much important in the present situation, to study the various metabolites, identify breakdown
or reaction products generated by the different food processing methods and to find out the
levels of residue in processed products and to evaluate dietary-exposure calculations. Effect of
food processing on pesticide residue levels may be influenced by the physical location as well
as the physio-chemical properties such as solubility, volatility and thermal degradation of
pesticides
[7]
.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Collection of samples
Raw Milk samples were collected from local markets of Hyderabad, India. Both natural and
spiked milk samples (with respective Organophosphorus compounds) were processed
according to the prescribed protocol for Pasteurization (63 ºC for ½ hrs), Boiling (5 min) and
Sterilization (121 ºC for 15 mins).