~ 1348 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(4): 1348-1352
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2019; 7(4): 1348-1352
© 2019 JEZS
Received: 23-05-2019
Accepted: 27-06-2019
Mahanthi Visalakshi
Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam
district, Andhra Pradesh, India
TR Ashika
ICAR-National Bureau of
Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A.
Farm post, Bellary Road, Hebbal,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
T Venkatesan
ICAR-National Bureau of
Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A.
Farm post, Bellary Road, Hebbal,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Chandish R Ballal
ICAR-National Bureau of
Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A.
Farm post, Bellary Road, Hebbal,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
K Laxman
District Agricultural Advisory and
Transfer of Technology Centre,
Vizianagaram, Vizianagaram district,
Andhra Pradesh, India
D Nagarjuna
Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam
district, Andhra Pradesh, India
G Chittibabu
District Agricultural Advisory and
Transfer of Technology Centre,
Amadalavalasa, Srikakulam district,
Andhra Pradesh, India
P Venkatarao
District Agricultural Advisory and
Transfer of Technology Centre,
Amadalavalasa, Srikakulam district,
Andhra Pradesh, India
P Jamuna
Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam
district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Correspondence
Mahanthi Visalakshi
Regional Agricultural Research
Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam
district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Report of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
and its natural enemies on maize and other crops
from Andhra Pradesh, India
Mahanthi Visalakshi, TR Ashika, T Venkatesan, Chandish R Ballal, K
Laxman, D Nagarjuna, G Chittibabu, P Venkatarao and P Jamuna
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was first noticed on maize
crop at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle, Visakhapatanam, Andhra Pradesh. Severe
damage by S. frugiperda was recorded in several villages of Vizianagaram, Srikakulam and
Visakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh state during August and September, 2018. The incidence of
fall armyworm ranging from 5 to 100 per cent was observed in all maize growing areas. Grown up larvae
damaging maize whorls were collected from four locations and reared in the laboratory till adult stage.
Species were identified based on morphological characters as S. frugiperda. Furthermore, molecular
identification of the pest was done and Gen bank accession numbers were obtained for the pest from four
locations of Andhra Pradesh (MH 822831, MH 822832, MH 822833 and MH 822834) and DNA
barcodes were generated. Though the pest caused serious damage to maize during August - September,
2018, it was also found to cause 20-30% damage on sorghum, ragi, bajra during October and November,
2019. Furthermore, the pest was found to feed on young sugarcane crop (30 to 45 days old) and caused
infestation around 5% during April, 2019 at Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam district, Samalkota, East
Godavari district and Vuyyur, Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Egg parasitoids, Trichogramma sp.
and Telenomus sp were found to parasitize the pest on maize and T. chilonis was found to parasitize eggs
of the pest in sugarcane.
Keywords: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichogramma chilonis
1. Introduction
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to
America and is considered as the most important pest of corn in Brazil, the third largest corn
producer in the world after USA and China. It is considered as a serious polyphagous pest of
voracious nature with a wide host range of approximately more than 100 recorded plant
species including maize, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cabbage, potato, tomato, soybean, cotton
and cause significant losses to agricultural crops (Goergen et al., 2016)
[4]
. This pest invaded
Africa in 2016
[4]
. Causing serious damage on maize crop and in Ghana during 2017 causing
wide spread crop damage (CABI, 2016, Pogue, 2002, FAO, 2017)
[1, 6, 2]
. In Brazil, S.
frugiperda causes up to 34 per cent reduction in maize grain yield that amounts to an annual
loss of US$ 400 million.
Spodoptera frugiperda has been reported for the first time on the Indian subcontinent in maize
fields University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka detected
in 18
th
May, 2018 (Sharanabasappa and Kalleswara Swamy, 2018)
[8]
. Subsequently
occurrence of the pest and its natural enemies was reported (Shylesha et al., 2018)
[9]
. Maize is
an emerging second most important cereal crop after rice in Andhra Pradesh and North coastal
districts (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam) account for 25.0 per cent production
of maize in Andhra Pradesh. Keeping the above in view, surveys were conducted to monitor
the pest and the occurrence of natural enemies in maize and other crops grown in north coastal
zone of Andhra Pradesh state.