Biotropica. 2020;00:1–14. | 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/btp Received: 9 January 2020 | Revised: 18 March 2020 | Accepted: 7 April 2020 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12809 REVIEW Heterogeneous agroecosystems support high diversity and abundance of trap-nesting bees and wasps among tropical crops Jeferson G. E. Coutinho 1,2,3 | Catalina Angel-Coca 1 | Danilo Boscolo 3,4 | Blandina F. Viana 1,3 © 2020 Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicação e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 2 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 3 National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Trans disciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 4 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Correspondence Jeferson G. E. Coutinho, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147 - Campus de Ondina, Zip Code: 40170-210, Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Email: jeferson.gabriel@gmail.com Funding information This research was supported by CNPq [Grant number: 556050/2009-6] and the GEF/FAO/UNEP Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Brazilian Environment Ministry (MMA) and the “Fundo Brasileiro para a Biodiversidade” (FUNBIO). Associate Editor: Jennifer Powers Handling Editor: Marney Isaac Abstract Land-use intensification for agricultural purposes modifies the structure of natural environments in various ways and at different spatial scales. These modifications can affect ecological processes and the community structure of multi-environment users such as solitary bees and wasps. Understanding the role of distinct habitat descriptors in promoting such changes is one of the major challenges of empirical studies. In this study, we use a multi-scale approach to evaluate how landscape com- positional and configurational heterogeneity, vegetation structural complexity, and the proportion of agricultural landscape composition affect communities of bees and wasps that nest in pre-existing cavities in remnants of native vegetation bordering agroecosystems. We selected 25 sampling points along a gradient of amount of sur- rounding agriculture and landscape diversity within natural physiognomies located in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Through model selection using Akaike's informa- tion criterion, we verified the complementary roles of landscape heterogeneity and local vegetation in structuring these hymenopteran communities. Abundance in the groups showed different tendencies depending on the descriptors employed, point- ing to the importance of evaluating within-group specificity. Furthermore, bees and wasps presented differential responses to landscape composition, but they did not differ in relation to configurational complexity. In more heterogeneous landscapes or sites with more complex local vegetation, the proportion of agriculture had a posi- tive influence on the response evaluated. Efficient management of agricultural land- scapes therefore requires increased landscape heterogeneity and conservation or restoration of native vegetation remnants at the local scale. KEYWORDS Brazil, compositional heterogeneity, configurational heterogeneity, landscape diversity, local vegetation structure, solitary bees, solitary wasps, tropical agroecosystem