International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 5(2) 2018, Pages: 25-32
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International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences
Journal homepage: http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS.html
25
An empirical analysis of agricultural export on economic growth: A case
study of Pakistan
Dilshad Ahmad *, Jamil Ahmad
Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received 7 September 2017
Received in revised form
5 December 2017
Accepted 8 December 2017
This study has focused to analyze the influence of agricultural and non-
agricultural export on economic growth in Pakistan obtaining annual time
series data from 1972 to 2014. Gross domestic product, labor force, capital
formation, agriculture exports, non-agriculture exports, exchange rate and
consumer price index are prominent variables of the study. Johansen
cointegration, Error Correction Model (ECM) and Granger Causality
econometric approaches have employed for empirical analysis of the study.
Labor force and exchange rate stationary at 1
st
difference while all other
variables are stationary at level. According to empirical estimates, long run
equilibrium exists among agriculture exports and non-agriculture exports.
Error correction model estimates have justified the existence of short run
equilibrium among variables of the study. Agriculture must have significant
importance, increasing productivity through priority policy measures of
adequate provision of inputs, infusion of innovative mechanization and
minimization of market imperfection. Potential productivity in agriculture
more desirable goal and agro-based industries must familiarized in
agriculture to export value added goods rather than raw material to
increasing foreign exchange earning of country.
Keywords:
Gross domestic product
Agriculture exports
Non agriculture exports
Exchange rate
© 2017 The Authors. Published by IASE. This is an open access article under the CC
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
1. Introduction
*Classical and modern economist’s theories have
significant role in policy measures of international
trade, exports and imports. Gain from trade through
specialization of production was a masterpiece work
of Classical school of thought in economic growth
and development. International trade have
significant role in economic growth Marshall (1890).
Applicability of export led growth hypothesis has
justified with bounty of empirical work of trade
literature. In short run analysis Keynesian theory has
focused the dominant role of foreign exchange
multiplier in increasing export growth with further
multiple increases in income growth. In secondary
procedure of multiplier, exports increases foreign
exchange, which significantly sponsors importing as
infusion of mechanization, capital goods and
manufactured goods as indirectly boost up economic
growth in the economy. In third stage, significant
developments have injected in the economy with
infusion of up-to-the-minute mechanization,
* Corresponding Author.
Email Address: dilshad@ciitvehari.edu.pk (D. Ahmad)
https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.02.005
2313-626X/© 2017 The Authors. Published by IASE.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
expanded capacity of optimal utilization of resources
with economies of scale, boosting up competition,
such uprights indirectly way out of export promotion
growth. In last stage, more exports have optimistic
impact on economic growth; considerably promote
positive externalities, improved expertise in
production, and sophisticated technical expertise
from rival in competition and significant managerial
competencies for accuracy in production practices
Faridi (2012).
Generally, most of developing economies have
contingent with agriculture sector, which is
currently playing significant role in provision of
nutritional wants and employment of major
population. In Pakistan, agriculture historically
contributing major role in economic growth and now
it is sharing the second largest sector of country
subsequent to manufacturing. Agriculture sector is
contributing 42.3 percent in employing labor force
and 19.5 percent in gross domestic product of the
country.
Agriculture sector is considering main source of
nourishment basket, engagement of population and
coactive partner to industrial sector with adequate
supply of raw material in developing countries.
Pakistan is sited as 40
th
largest economy with gross
domestic product of 271 billion US dollars and 26
th
largest economy accordingly to purchasing power