In vitro enzyme inhibitory properties, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical profile of Potentilla thuringiaca Daniel M. Grochowski a , Sengul Uysal b , Abdurrahman Aktumsek b , Sebastian Granica c, *, Gokhan Zengin b , Ramazan Ceylan b , Marcello Locatelli d , Michal Tomczyk a a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland b Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey c Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland d Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 19 October 2016 Received in revised form 20 February 2017 Accepted 3 March 2017 Available online xxx Keywords: Potentilla thuringiaca Rosaceae Antioxidant activity Enzyme inhibitory activity UHPLC-DAD-MS phytochemical profile Hyphenated techniques A B S T R A C T The genus Potentilla is interesting for the pharmaceutical field due to its valuable medicinal properties, which have been observed in complementary and alternative medicine. In recent years, studies conducted to estimate the biological activity of several of the Potentilla species have shown a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. In particular, in the present paper, different extracts obtained from the herb P. thuringiaca were analysed for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. The UHPLC-DAD- MS 3 hyphenated techniques reported herein allow for the identification of phytoconstituents. The analyses showed the presence of flavonoids and ellagitannins as major components. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that the analysed extracts revealed a high total antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The reducing power activity of P. thuringiaca was also determined by FRAP and CUPRAC assays, as well as metal chelating activity. In addition, the total extracts and the different fractions of P. thuringiaca revealed potent inhibitory activities against a-amylase and a-glucosidase, AChE, tyrosinase and lipase. Surprisingly, no activity against BChE was shown. P. thuringiaca could be a valuable natural source of antioxidants with interesting inhibitory actions against the key enzymes involved in several human diseases, and could represent a valid starting point for the development of new treatment and management strategies, including its use as a food supplement. © 2017 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The genus Potentilla Linnaeus (L.) sensu lato (s. l.) (Rosaceae), commonly referred to as cinquefoils, comprises approx. 700 species of annual, and less commonly biennial, herbaceous plants and small shrubs. In natural conditions, Potentilla species are prevalent in moderate, cold and high-altitude climates, and were cultivated especially for ornamental purposes. In recent years, phylogenetic flow cytometry examinations of the tribe Potentilleae revealed certain discrepancies in the earlier taxonomy of the genus Potentilla s. l., introducing new, separate genera, such as Argentina, Comarum, Dasiphora, Drymocallis and Sibbaldia. Therefore, a number of synonymous terms may be encountered in the literature (Eriksson et al., 1998; Tomczyk and Latté, 2009). The biological studies conducted so far on cinquefoils confirm the traditional uses of most species but are inadequate for full justification in rational phytotherapy. Due to the great number of species systematically classified into Potentilla s. l., phytotherapists continue their research for new sources of biologically active compounds, as well as the evaluation of their pharmacological activity profiles based principally on in vitro and/or in vivo assays. All these analyses must be accompanied with the extracts’ multicomponent pattern evaluation (Zengin et al., 2015a; Wiater et al., 2015; Paduch et al., 2015) in order to evaluate the major components. With this approach, it is also possible to achieve plant material standardisation before in vitro and in vivo tests in order to correlate the biological activities with the chemical profile. Despite the numerous pharmacological studies conducted so far on many Potentilla species, not all species have been analysed. In continuation of our studies on the chemical and biological characterisation of plant derived extracts for their potential use as food supplements (Tomczykowa et al., 2011), we report herein for * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: sgranica@wum.edu.pl, sgranica@gmail.com (S. Granica). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.03.005 1874-3900/© 2017 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Phytochemistry Letters xxx (2016) xxx–xxx G Model PHYTOL 1355 No. of Pages 8 Please cite this article in press as: D.M. Grochowski, et al., In vitro enzyme inhibitory properties, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical profile of Potentilla thuringiaca, Phytochem. Lett. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.03.005 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytochemistry Letters journa l home page : www.e lsevier.com/loca te/phyt ol