Journal of Resources Development and Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8397 An International Peer-reviewed Journal DOI: 10.7176/JRDM Vol.55, 2019 52 The Pattern of Electoral Management Practices Towards Kenya’s 2007 Post-Election Violence in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties Esther J. Arusei* Lecturer – Moi University, School of Arts and Social Sciences; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), Kisii University; Moi University, Dept. Of History, Political Science, and Public Administration, PO box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya Dr. Eric T. Ogwora (PhD); Senior Lecturer Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), Kisii University Prof Edmund Were (PhD) Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), Kisii University Abstract The study sought to investigate the pattern of electoral management practices towards Kenya’s 2007 Post-Election Violence (PEV) in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia counties. The many post election violence in Kenya over the years have had unique patterns. This have often found themselves in influencing electoral management practices. The pattern of electoral management practices towards Kenya’s 2007 post election violence however, seemed to have had a departure from the previous many other elections as to their visibility in different stages of election, intensity within the electoral management, and their nature being cyclical. This study used a survey and descriptive research design with mixed method approach. The researchers opted for both methods because each paradigm is appropriate for finding different outcomes. This study examined Pattern of Electoral Management Practices to 2007 Post-Election Violence and Trends of electoral management practices on election violence in Kenya. It is evident that ethnic animosities characterised post-election violence of 2007 and hence a component of the cause to patterns. This research recommends that for peaceful elections to be conducted, effective measures should be put in place to address ethnic animosities. Keywords: Pattern of Electoral Management/ Electoral Management/ Electoral Violence/ Electoral Management Practices/ Post Election Violence/ Kenya’s PEV DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/55-05 Publication date:May 31 st 2019 1. Background to the Study General elections have for many years been a feature of all democracies. International and regional treaties require that elections be held at periodic intervals. The will of the people can only be expressed through genuine and periodic elections (Carter Center, 2016).They are held after a specified period usually five years but it could be less or more with the aim of electing new leaders or renewing the mandate of those already in power (Kenya Constitution, 2010). In most developed countries, elections are relatively orderly and peaceful. However, in United States of America; it is possible to discover a rich history of electoral management malpractices, including gerrymandering, ballot stuffing, fraud, and voter intimidation. Such practices show that the integrity of democracy is not an inevitable outcome of elections; that integrity must be vigorously and continuously protected by each country’s citizens. According to the Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and Code of Conduct for International Election Observers (DPIEO and CCIEO, 2005), the USA, following the passage of the Voting Rights Act empowering minorities, especially African Americans, to vote, it became more of a model of an open, free and fair system. Further, what was seen as a great achievement in democracy in the past, has taken a divergent position in that it is no longer the case in more recent elections; its 2016 presidential election was alleged to have been marred by both foreign and domestic intervention, while its national elections for president and congress took place amid stark increases in voting restrictions, voter suppression, and extreme gerrymandering following the repeal by the Supreme Court of basic provisions of the Voting Rights Act. This indicates that these vices have become common even in societies presumed to be highly democratic. However, the same cannot be said of developing countries especially in Africa where electoral violence have been experienced in most countries such as Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. In most cases, election management is not free, fair or genuine, as stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but rather shams or political spectacles designed to ensure their regimes ‘continuation in power