Research Article
A Reliable Treatment for Nonlinear Differential Equations
H. R. Marasi,
1
M. Sedighi,
2
H. Aydi ,
3,4,5
and Y. U. Gaba
5,6
1
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran
3
Universit´ e de Sousse, Institut Sup´ erieur d’Informatique et des Techniques de Communication, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
4
China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
5
Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa,
South Africa
6
Institut de Math´ ematiques et de Sciences Physiques (IMSP/UAC), Laboratoire de Topologie Fondamentale,
Computationnelle et leurs Applications (Lab-ToFoCApp), Porto-Novo BP 613, Benin
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoH.Aydi;hassen.aydi@isima.rnu.tnandY.U.Gaba;yaeulrich.gaba@gmail.com
Received 25 December 2020; Revised 5 February 2021; Accepted 8 November 2021; Published 21 December 2021
AcademicEditor:RamJiwari
Copyright©2021H.R.Marasietal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this paper, we use the concept of homotopy, Laplace transform, and He’s polynomials, to propose the auxiliary Laplace
homotopyparametermethod(ALHPM).Weconstructahomotopyequationconsistingontwoauxiliaryparametersforsolving
nonlineardifferentialequations,whichswitchnonlineartermswithHe’spolynomials.eexistenceoftwoauxiliaryparameters
inthehomotopyequationallowsustoguaranteetheconvergenceoftheobtainedseries.Comparedwithnumericaltechniques,
the method solves nonlinear problems without any discretization and is capable to reduce computational work. We use the
methodfordifferenttypesofsingularEmden–Fowlerequations.esolutions,constructedintheformofaconvergentseries,are
in excellent agreement with the existing solutions.
1. Introduction
Initial value problems with singularity and of type Lane-
–Emden differential equation,
d
2
y
dx
2
+
2
x
dy
dx
+ y
r
� 0,
(1)
have been used to model a large category of phenomena in
various science, such as mathematical physics and astro-
physics. e first studies on these equations have been
published by Lane in 1870 [1]. A further research was
continuedbyEmdenin[2].en,thisequationwasusedin
the modeling of some problems, such as the thermal be-
havior of spherical cloud of gas.
In astrophysics and in the study of a self-gravitating
sphericallysymmetricpolytropicfluid,thisequationappears
as its gravitational Poisson’s equation. ere are several
phenomena, such as astrophysics, aerodynamics, stellar
structure, chemistry, biochemistry, and many others which
canbemodeledbytheLane–Emdenequation[3–5].Fowler
[6, 7] generalized the Lane–Emden equation to the
Emden–Fowler equation:
d
2
y
dx
2
+
2
x
dy
dx
+ af(x)g(y)� 0,
(2)
forsomegivenfunctions f(x) and g(y).Inthisconnection,
we note that the following heat equation,
z
2
y
zx
2
+
r
x
zy
zx
+ af(x, t)g(y)+ h(x, t)�
zy
zt
,
(3)
where0 < x ≤ L, 0 < t < T,and r > 0,appearsinthemodeling
of the diffusion of heat perpendicular to surfaces of parallel
planes. For r � 2 and h(x, t)� 0 and for the steady state,
equation (3) is the Emden–Fowler equation. Singularity
behavior that occurs at x � 0 is a difficult element in the
analysis of this type of equations, and due to this problem,
common methods need to be reviewed. For example,
Wazwaz [8] used the Adomian decomposition method to
Hindawi
Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2021, Article ID 6659479, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659479