antiphospholipid antibodies: prevalence, clinical associations, and long- term outcome. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 2569–2579 28. Maripuri S, Penson DF, Ikizler TA et al. Outpatient versus inpatient obser- vation after percutaneous native kidney biopsy: a cost minimization study. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34: 64–70 29. Corapi KM, Chen JL, Balk EM et al. Bleeding complications of native kidney biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 60: 62–73 Received: 5.10.2018; Editorial decision: 20.3.2019 Nephrol Dial Transplant (2020) 35: 1729–1738 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz087 Advance Access publication 10 May 2019 The epidemiology and characteristics of acute kidney injury in the Southeast Asia intensive care unit: a prospective multicentre study Nattachai Srisawat 1,2 , Win Kulvichit 1,2 , Noppathorn Mahamitra 1 , Cameron Hurst 3 , Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa 1 , Nuttha Lumlertgul 1 , Anan Chuasuwan 4 , Konlawij Trongtrakul 5 , Adis Tasnarong 6 , Ratapum Champunot 7 , Rangsun Bhurayanontachai 8 , Manasnun Kongwibulwut 9 , Pornlert Chatkaew 9 , Petchdee Oranrigsupak 10 , Theerapon Sukmark 11 , Thanachai Panaput 12 , Natthapon Laohacharoenyot 13 , Karjbundid Surasit 14 , Thathsalang Keobounma 15 , Kamol Khositrangsikun 16 , Ummarit Suwattanasilpa 17 , Pattharawin Pattharanitima 6 , Poramin Santithisadeekorn 18 , Anocha Wanitchanont 19 , Sadudee Peerapornrattana 1,2 , Passisd Loaveeravat 1 , Asada Leelahavanichkul 20 , Khajohn Tiranathanagul 1 , Stephen J. Kerr 21 , Kriang Tungsanga 1 , Somchai Eiam-Ong 1 , Visith Sitprija 1,22 and John A. Kellum 2 ; SEA-AKI study group 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, 2 Center for Critical Care Nephrology, The CRISMA Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 3 Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia, 4 Department of Medicine, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand, 6 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand, 7 Department of Medicine, Buddhachinaraj Hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 8 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand, 9 Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10 Department of Medicine, Nan Hospital, Nan, Thailand, 11 Thungsong Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, 12 Kon Kaen Regional Hospital, Kon Kaen, Thailand, 13 Sriphat Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 14 Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 15 Thabo Crown Prince Hospital, Nong Khai, Thailand, 16 Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, 17 Mahasarakarm Hospital, Mahasarakarm, Thailand, 18 Taksinmaharaj Hospital, Tak, Thailand, 19 Department of Medicine, Cbonburi Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand, 20 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 21 Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand and 22 Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand Correspondence and offprint requests to: Nattachai Srisawat; E-mail: drnattachai@yahoo.com; Twitter handle: @kellumja ABSTRACT Background. Etiologies for acute kidney injury (AKI) vary by geographic region and socioeconomic status. While consider- able information is now available on AKI in the Americas, Europe and China, large comprehensive epidemiologic studies of AKI from Southeast Asia (SEA) are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates and characteristics of AKI among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Thailand. Methods. We conducted the largest prospective observational study of AKI in SEA. The data were serially collected on the first 28 days of ICU admission by registration in electronic web- based format. AKI status was defined by full Kidney Disease: V C The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. 1729 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/35/10/1729/5487935 by guest on 05 July 2022