Current Psychopharmacology
Rashmi S. Pal
1,*
, Nikita Saraswat
1
, Pranay Wal
1
, Ankita Wal
1
, Yogendra Pal
1
and
Tamsheel F. Roohi
1
1
Department of Pharmacy, PSIT, Kanpur, India
Abstract: Background: Depression is the neuropsychiatric disorder that can lead to the
disruption of brain nerves by elevating different mechanisms and neurotransmitters such as
serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine. It can have a series of episodic events that can cross
one episodic depression to another and manifest various symptoms such as agitation, mel-
ancholia, deep sadness, psychomotor retardation, mood swings and suicidal deaths.
Objective: This paper gives information about the various factors such as psychological,
genetic, biological and environmental factors that play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
depression and its associated symptoms. In spite of usage of antidepressant drugs, many
clinicians and physicians follow other therapies and interventions or certain medications
such as psychological studies, cognitive sciences, and meditation and yoga that help in the
ailment of depression.
Methods: The data was collected by studying combination of research and review papers
from different databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of science by using search key-
words like “depression”, “cognitive sciences”, “meditation”, “yoga”, “psychotherapies”,
“mindfulness activities”, “factors associated with depression and its episodes”.
Result: It was found that besides the use of antidepressants, a considerable number of stud-
ies and researches on therapies exhibit the examined effects of different psychotherapies,
psychological studies, cognitive sciences and yoga-based interventions show potential ef-
fects in the ailments of depression and its associated symptoms.
Conclusion: Based on this paper, we have concluded that with the use of psychotherapies
such as interpersonal therapy, problem-solving therapy, MBCT, MBSR, DBT, ACT, yoga
and its different techniques are more effective than other medication therapies.
A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y
Received: August 02, 2019
Revised: September 13, 2019
Accepted: October 02, 2019
DOI:
10.2174/2211556008666191019142247
Keywords: Cognitive sciences, depression, mindfulness activities, psychological factors, psychological
studies, treatment, yoga.
1. INTRODUCTION
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), depression (neuropsychiatric disorder) is
the second-largest disease after heart diseases
among the population in the last few decades in
*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of
Pharmacy, PSIT, Kanpur, India; Tel: 9129826459;
E-mail: rashmisaxenapal@gmail.com
the whole world. Out of every 12 humans either
male or female, about 1 female and 5-6 males suf-
fer from depression. Depression is not only a dis-
order of adult but it can also affect the 5% teenag-
ers 10-19 age groups and about 2-3% of children,
reasons were either not known or psychiatric dis-
orders [1, 2]. Depression is the most appropriate
reason for all neuropsychological disorder. Most
of the people believe that depression is some kind
of mythological problem because it is related to
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Current Psychopharmacology, 2019, 8, 177-193
177
REVIEW ARTICLE
An Insight on the Association of Psychological Studies, Cognitive
Sciences and Meditation in Treating Depression