~ 2119 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(2): 2119-2123 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(2): 2119-2123 Received: 19-01-2019 Accepted: 23-02-2019 B Madhumitha Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India AK Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu, India M Sudha Department of Plant Biotechnology, CPMB &B, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence M Sudha Department of Plant Biotechnology, CPMB &B, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Coat protein based characterization of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus in Tamil Nadu B Madhumitha, AK Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan and M Sudha Abstract Yellow mosaic disease caused by Begomovirus (Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) or Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV)) has become an important constraint in mungbean production. Survey was conducted on five different mungbean growing localities in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu to explore the strain MYMV or MYMIV. PCR based characterization of strains (MYMV /MYMIV) were carried out using their gene specific primers respectively. Distinct viral gene specific PCR product corresponding to CP ~703 bp and MP ~893 bp was obtained for MYMV and no amplification was seen on MYMIV. The sample was further confirmed by CP gene sequencing. The obtained sequence was compared with the other selected begomovirus sequences from the NCBI blast database. Results were found to show high sequence identity to MYMV (100%). Phylogenetic analysis of CP gene sequence of our isolate with selected begomoviruses showed clustered with isolate of MYMV with more homology. While in contrast lesser homology was seen among MYMIV isolate, confirming that the begomovirus causing yellow mosaic disease of mungbean is explored to be as strain of MYMV and not as MYMIV among our geographical location isolates. Keywords: mungbean, mosaic, survey, characterization, sequence, phylogeny Introduction Green gram (Vigna radiata) which is widely known as mung, moong, mungo, goldengram and chickasawpea is one of the most important annual pulse crops that are cultivated all around the South East Asian regions for their quality rich proteins. The proteins that are obtained from them nutritionally complement and balance the proteins in food when they are consumed together along with the cereals. In India, the crop is produced under an area of 43.05 lakh ha with the production of 20.70 lakh tones. Important mung bean growing states in India are found to be Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Inspite of its wide production, the crop undergo severe productivity losses that are majorly aggravated up due to environmental stresses which may be biotic or abiotic in origin. However, the productivity loss in mungbean is mainly due to biotic origin by several fungal and viral diseases which were reported to cause severe reduction in yield [9] . Fungal diseases like cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, root rot and viral diseases like cucumber mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, yellow mosaic disease were commonly observed in mungbean cultivated fields. Out of these viral diseases, Yellow mosaic disease was found to be the major one which involves Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). Both MYMV and MYMIV are observed to be the members of the bipartite begomoviruses which composed of circular single- stranded DNA-A and DNA-B components of approx. 2.7 kb and are known to be ‘Legumoviruses’ [4] and are majorly transmitted by the vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci [2] . The yellow mosaic symptoms due to MYMV /MYMIV appears as irregular alternate yellow and green patches on the leaves over the field. Early screening in breeding programme in India has been against a strain of MYMV, during their multi location trails. But the snag over the above fact in some areas is due to emergence of new strain/species of begomovirus with different virulence (i.e. MYMIV) that might have replaced the original strains [7] . The recurrent recombination among the geminivirus could be the cause, behind the diversity and emergence of new strains [3] . As above mentioned the YMV bipartite genome is composed of DNA A and DNA B genome. The DNA A encodes CP and the DNA B encodes MP. The NSP and MP encoded in DNA B are required for viral cell-to-cell and long-distance movement and play important roles in symptom development and host range [15] . The DNA A encoded coat protein (CP) contacts the cell and delivers the viral genome into plants and actively participates in the replication complex to suppress the innate immune response of the plant host [11] .With the above background a field survey was conducted among the mungbean