Environ Monit Assess (2021) 193: 832 Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09621-x Ecological problems of environment mudflows and their prediction: experience of Georgia Robert Diakonidze · Zurab Gvishiani · Teimuraz Lochoshvili · Konstantin Mchedlishvili · Valentin Romanovski  Received: 3 August 2021 / Accepted: 12 November 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Keywords Water fow discharge · Water catchment capacity · Erosion · Debris fow · Turbulent debris fow · Debris fow discharge Introduction For the second half XX century and the beginning of the XXI century, the negative results of the human impact on nature are refected dramatically and glob- ally. As a result of the impact of anthropological fac- tors, the content of toxic chemical substances and gases is signifcantly increased on the planet that itself caused a considerable increase in carbon diox- ide in the atmosphere. Moreover, as a large group of world sciences suggests, climate change and anthro- pological factors increase the scale of these changes. Any ecological problem is multifaceted. For exam- ple, the carbon dioxide growth and oxygen decrease due to the destruction of forests lead to an increase in air temperature; glacier and snowmelt pace accelerate intensively; the evaporation increases dramatically. Consequently, sharp and hardly predictable changes in climate factors take place. As a result, high-intensity heavy rains are often formed. After rains, due to the high temperature in the atmosphere, the evaporation increases, and heavy rains repeat, progressing like a “chain reaction.” As a result, the erosion-debris fow events become more frequent. Natural disasters have been increased in the last years due to the abovementioned processes, under the Abstract Among the natural disasters on the planet, especially in the mountainous and foothill regions, it is widespread erosive-debris fow events, which have the most signifcant environmental and economic damage to humanity. Georgia is no exception. This paper aims to develop a new methodology to calcu- late the predictive quantities of debris fow, essential for implementing anti-debris fow measures. Based on the available data and various calculations, a com- pletely new empirical approach has been adopted to calculate predictive quantities of debris fow spent, predicting debris fow spent in the mountains and foothill regions of Georgia. The suggested methodol- ogy refects the physics of debris-fow processes at a very high level and can be applied to calculate debris fow in various world regions. R. Diakonidze (*) · Z. Gvishiani · T. Lochoshvili · K. Mchedlishvili  Georgian Technical University, M. Kostava st. 68, 0175 Tbilisi, Georgia e-mail: robertdia@mail.ru V. Romanovski  Center of Functional Nano-Ceramics, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Lenin av., 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia V. Romanovski (*)  Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganova 9/1, 220072 Minsk, Belarus e-mail: vramano@kth.se / Published online: 19 November 2021