Towards Reducing Health Information Inequities in the Caribbean: The Eastern
Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Data Sharing Platform Usability Study
Terika McCall
a,b
, Stephanie Date
c,d
, Dorothy Alexis
c
, Stephanie Whiteman
c,d
, Salihah Dick
c
, Luis
Marenco
a
, Meredith Campbell Britton
c
, Baylah Tessier-Sherman
c
, Cynthia Brandt
a,b
, Karen Wang
a,c
a
Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
b
Division of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
c
Equity Research and Innovation Center, General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
d
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
Abstract
There is a dearth of health research among Caribbean
populations. Underrepresented individuals are affected by
structural and data inequities that limit the usefulness,
availability, and accessibility to health information systems and
research-generated data. To overcome this limitation, a data
sharing platform was created for the Eastern Caribbean Health
Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study. This study aimed to
evaluate the usability of the platform. Usability testing was
conducted remotely, via video conferencing, using a cognitive
walkthrough and think-aloud protocol. Participants completed
a self-administered web-based survey which included an
adapted version of the System Usability Scale (SUS). The
results showed (N=16) overall average SUS score was 73.1
(SD±21.0), translating to a ‘good’ usability rating. Most
recommendations for improvement focused on navigation and
error prevention. Participatory data sharing platforms have the
potential to reduce health information inequities in the
Caribbean, however, usability testing should be conducted to
improve user satisfaction and increase engagement.
Keywords:
information dissemination; chronic disease; user-centered
design
Introduction
The Yale Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health
Disparities Research focused on Precision Medicine (Yale-
TCC) is a collaboration between the Equity Research and
Innovation Center (ERIC) and academic, public health, policy,
and community stakeholders in Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin
Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados [1]. This
collaboration expands the existing foundation and knowledge
base of the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research
Network (ECHORN), a unique regional research network
aimed at reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases
(NCDs) in the Caribbean via strengthened regional research
capacity [2,3]. The ECHORN research portfolio is anchored by
the ECHORN Cohort Study (ECS).
Launched in 2013 [4], the ECS is a prospective population-
based longitudinal study following 3,000 community-dwelling
adults, aged 40 years and older, who are permanent or semi-
permanent residents of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico,
Barbados, or Trinidad and Tobago. In the Caribbean, primary
care is mainly delivered in public polyclinics, by a variety of
providers, with most countries having no need for patients to
register with primary care doctors [5]. The Caribbean’s unique
identity is geographically and culturally diverse, with residents
that speak multiple languages, follow various religions and
diets, live in extremely varied community settings (from urban
populace to rural village) and socioeconomic statuses, and are
governed by or through different civil societies [6]. This
diversity is rarely captured in systematic data collection, as the
Caribbean has limited representation in large-scale surveillance
programs [7].
The study is aimed at evaluating risk and protective factors for
the development of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
in this population [3]. The first wave of the ECS collected data
from each participant via survey tools, clinical assessment, and
biological samples. Data on socio-demographics, health
behaviors, healthcare utilization, medical history, and other
domains were captured from participants enrolled between
2014-2018 via a confidential self-reported questionnaire which
utilized audio computer-assisted self-interview to increase
validity [2,3]. A paucity of health research exists amongst
marginalized populations, including those in the Caribbean,
with underrepresented individuals being affected by structural
and data inequities that limit the usefulness, availability, and
accessibility to health information systems and research-
generated data [8]. Even when collected and available, the
information systems may not be structured to allow for
individual-level data to be assembled and relationships
investigated [9].
A major goal of the Yale-TCC is to create a digital platform that
can foster the sharing of de-identified and accumulated
population-level data from ECS with study participants,
researchers, stakeholders, and communities [10]. The field of
health informatics has a research replication problem [11]. This
data sharing platform will help to facilitate a culture of research
replicability and validation by providing access to de-identified
health data for 3,000 adults in the Caribbean. Moreover, data
sharing, coupled with community-based participatory research,
has the potential to increase the usefulness of data for
underrepresented populations [12–15]. Some research
interventions have created community-engaged informatics
platforms that allow participants to manipulate their own or
aggregated data, with hopes of access to health research data
leading to improved health knowledge, and community
cohesion [12,14,15].
In this paper, we discuss the usability testing of the ECS data
sharing platform, a publicly available, searchable database of
aggregated ECS data aimed at advancing the dissemination of
health data throughout the Caribbean. The purpose of this study
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© 2022 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and IOS Press.
This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms
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doi:10.3233/SHTI220196
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