Studies on the Stability of the Foamy Oil in Developing Heavy Oil
Reservoirs
Bashir Busahmin
1
*, Brij Maini
2
, Rama Rao Karri
1
and Maziyar Sabet
1
1
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei,
Brunei Darussalam, BE 1410
2
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
*Corresponding author: bashir.abusahmin@utb.edu.bn
Keywords: foamy oil, foam stability, experimental investigation, Hele-Shaw, aqueous foam
Abstract. In the process of natural energy depletion, foamy oil is characterized of low production
Gas Oil Ratio, high oil viscosity, high daily production rate and high primary recovery factor. The
stability of the foam turns out to be the prevailing factor that governs the life of the ‘foamy oil’. To
enumerate the main factors affecting the stability of the foam, a high-temperature–high-pressure
visualized experiment model for foamy oil stability test was developed. A serial of experiments was
conducted to evaluate the performance of the foam stability. The effects of oil viscosity, height of
the oil column, dissolved gas content and dispersed gas were investigated and recorded. These
experiments were conducted using a Hele-Shaw, a high pressure cell. The volume of foamy oil
produced, either by a step reduction in pressure or by a gradual (linear) reduction in pressure, and
its subsequent decay was observed, visually. The experimental results show that foamy oil stability
increases with higher oil viscosity, higher oil column, higher dissolved gas content and higher
pressure decline rate. Asphaltene content was not observed to increase the foamy oil stability
significantly. The results also show that the foam quality of foamy oils is much lower than aqueous
foams.
Introduction
Foamy oil flow occurs in primary production of heavy oil under solution gas drive. Many of heavy
oil reservoirs under solution gas drive marked unusual good primary performance; high oil
production rates, low produced gas oil ratio and high recovery [1-5]. Experiments were conducted
by [6-11] in a high-pressure cell to investigate the stability of foam and the factors that affects it.
The foamy oil was produced by gradual (linear) reduction in pressure and its subsequent decay was
observed visually. The effect of oil viscosity, height of oil column, dissolved gas content and
pressure decline rate were investigated. The oil is produced in the form of oil-continuous foam
which has the appearance of chocolate mousse and contains a high volume fraction of gas. It has
been suggested that the flow behavior of foam in porous media can be correlated with foam stability
in just such a bulk vessel. Foam stability was measured in the lab for both mineral and crude oils by
monitoring the decay of the foam height. It has been suggested that the flow behaviour of foams in
porous media can be correlated with foam stability in just such a bulk vessel [12, 13]. Foamy oil
flow behaviour is affected by the interfacial properties of the oil-gas system. It is believed that
naturally occurring surface active chemicals play an important role in foamy oil flow; however, due
to the extremely complex chemistry and the number of components in the system, it is impractical
to determine the effect of each component. Therefore, it is desirable to have an indirect method of
characterizing the surface chemistry of the system. One easily measurable parameter is the stability
of foam in a bulk vessel. It has been suggested that the flow behaviour of foams in porous media
can be correlated with foam stability in just such a bulk vessel. The results of experiments by
Urgelli et. al.,[14], indicated that the nucleation of the gas bubbles to create a gas phase was a very
slow process due to the high oil viscosity. The main objective of this paper was to compare the
Stability of the Foamy oil using viscous mineral oil and crude oil systems under similar conditions.
Defect and Diffusion Forum Online: 2017-02-23
ISSN: 1662-9507, Vol. 371, pp 111-116
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.371.111
© 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans
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