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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.28) (2018) 187-190
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Criminal intelligence analysis based on ontological knowledge
representation model
M. A. Jalil, F. Mohd*, C. P. Ling, N. M. M. Noor
School of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author E-mail: mpfatihah@umt.edu.my
Abstract
Nowadays, community security is an issue which is given higher priority by all agencies, aiming to reduce crime incidence. As
knowledge representation is the appropriate way to apply on complex crime analysis information, hence ontology-based case matching
model is proposed to represent the relationships among the knowledge. Therefore, in this study, the ontology model is developed using
semantic web modelling tool, TopBraid Composer Standard Edition in order to represent the crime information with the well-defined
classes and relationships. The advantage of TopBraid is the ability in offering comprehensive supports for building, managing and testing
the configuration of ontology and Resource Description Framework (RDF) graphs.
Keywords: Crime analysis, Knowledge representation, Ontology, TopBraid.
1. Introduction
The growing number of useful information and the complexity
and dynamic characteristic of crime investigation area call for new
ways of information and knowledge representation. Hence, apply-
ing an appropriate method of crime analysis information is need-
ed. Crime analysis is used to extract data patterns of the criminal
events and its investigation [1,2]. According to INTERPOL, crim-
inal intelligence analysis is defined as the “study [of] criminals,
crime suspects, incidents, issues and trends.. [to] identify relation-
ships or connections between different crimes in different places”
[3]. During a crime investigation process, a hidden relationship
between different crimes to the previous crimes are extracted. It
involved the matching process on how a crime is related to anoth-
er crime and modus operandi used between that crimes.
In this study, knowledge presentation based on ontology is used to
represent the relationships between data, such as modus operandi
and crime scene in a structured and meaningful way. This method
is used to represent the data that could assist police in identifying
and analyzing crime patterns to reduce further occurrences of
similar incidence and provide information to reduce the crime.
According to Dzemydiene and Kazemikaitiene, the current system
of a recording nature only keeps the criminal records, card files
and databases [4]. It does not construct the information in a mean-
ingful way and therefore it would be hard for the investigation
officer (IO) to analyze the related information and make a proper
decision during the investigation process. The key information of
the criminal case report such as the modus operandi, case number,
report summary, motorcycle type, crime scene and time is stored
independently in separate folders without any relationships among
the key information. In order to overcome the problems described
by [4], there is a great need to develop an ontological-based case
matching model where the IO could first acquire the related mo-
torcycle theft information from the ontology model in a well-
structured form and understand the relationships between the in-
formation easily.
Therefore, an ontology model is being proposed as a knowledge
representation model to represent these relationships. In this study
two problems have become the focus: (i) how to develop a
knowledge representation model, (ii) to represent the crime inves-
tigation information and how could we make good use of the
model’s output to assist the investigating officers (IO) in aiming
the targeted suspects based on the previous case records. So that,
at the end of this study, the ontological-based case matching mod-
el applied to the crime investigation domain is presented. The rest
of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the mate-
rials and methods used, containing development of a framework
and model used in this study. Section 3, the results produced are
presented and discussed. Finally, the study is concluded in Section
4.
2. Materials and methods
This section explains the methodology of developing an ontologi-
cal-based case matching model. A prototype named CrimeAnaly-
sis based on an ontological-based case matching model is intro-
duced. The ontological modelling of CrimeAnalysis presented the
relationship between data, such as modus operandi and crime loca-
tions in a structured and meaningful way. The relationship be-
tween classes created in the ontology model will be applied in the
case matching mechanism of the prototype in order to support the
theft investigation process of the IO. The prototype would only
represent the information of the motorcycle theft cases and the
related output would be applied in the case matching process of
the same domain.