Received: 5 July 2020 Revised: 18 July 2021 Accepted: 23 December 2021
DOI: 10.1002/mma.8095
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A novel iterative scheme for solving delay differential
equations and nonlinear integral equations in Banach
spaces
Godwin Amechi Okeke
1,2
Austine Efut Ofem
3
1
Functional Analysis and Optimization
Research Group Laboratory (FANORG),
Department of Mathematics, School of
Physical sciences, Federal University of
Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526 Owerri,
Imo State, Nigeria
2
Abdus Salam School of Mathematical
Sciences, Government College University,
Lahore 54600, Pakistan
3
Department of Mathematics, University
of Uyo, Nigeria
Correspondence
Godwin Amechi Okeke, Functional
Analysis and Optimization Research
Group Laboratory (FANORG),
Department of Mathematics, School of
Physical sciences, Federal University of
Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526 Owerri,
Imo State, Nigeria.
Email: gaokeke1@yahoo.co.uk
Communicated by: Q. Wang
We propose a three-step iteration process for finding the common fixed points
of nonexpansive mapping and strongly pseudocontractive mapping in a real
Banach space. We weaken the necessity of condition (C) imposed by a previous
study on the mappings by using a quite simple and different method to obtain
strong convergence of our proposed iterative scheme to the common fixed point
of nonexpansive mapping and strongly pseudocontractive mapping. Numeri-
cally, we also show that our proposed iterative scheme converges faster than
some existing iterative schemes. Furthermore, we apply our proposed iterative
process in solving mixed type Volterra-Fredholm functional nonlinear integral
equations and delay differential equations.
KEYWORDS
Banach spaces, delay differential equations, fixed point, iterative scheme, mixed-type
Volterra-Fredholm functional nonlinear integral equations, nonexpasive mapping, strong
convergence, strongly pseudocontractive mapping
MSC CLASSIFICATION
47H09; 47H10
1 INTRODUCTION
Let E be a real Banach space and J ∶ E → 2
E
∗
denotes the normalized duality mapping defined by
J ()={
∗
∈ E
∗
∶ ⟨,
∗
⟩ = ||||
2
= ||
∗
||
2
}, ∀ ∈ E, (1.1)
where E
∗
denotes the dual space of E and ⟨· , ·⟩ denotes the generalized duality pairing of E and E
∗
. In the sequel, we
shall use j to denote the single-valued duality mapping and F(R) denotes the set of fixed points of mapping R, that is,
F(R)={ ∈ E ∶ R = }.
Definition 1.1. Let C be a nonempty subset of real Banach space E. A mapping R : C → C is said to be:
• nonexpansive if,
||R - R|| ≤ || - ||, ∀, ∈ C; (1.2)
Math Meth Appl Sci. 2022;45:5111–5134. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mma © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 5111