Individual Counseling Program of Islamic Vocational
High School in Indonesia
W. N. E. Saputra & Syamsudin
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
P. S. Rohmadheny
BAN PAUD & PNF, Jakarta, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: This study is an evaluation research using
discrepancy model, which aims to describe the discrepancy of level
in the aspects of planning, implementation and evaluation in
implementing individual counseling programs in schools with
defined standards and criteria. This research uses mixed method
design with concurrent triangulation model. The collected data is
analyzed by quantitative technique through comparative constant
and comparative modified test and qualitative technique with the
meaning of data. The results showed that the implementation of
individual counseling programs in four schools studied was at the
level nearly meet the standards. In particular, the combined profile
results also indicate that the individual counseling program
planning aspect is at the level nearly meet the standards. Moreover,
the aspect of individual counseling program implementation is also
at the level nearly meet the standards. However, the evaluation
aspect of the individual counseling program showed that it is at the
standard level.
Keywords: counseling, Islamic Vocational School
1 INTRODUCTION
Guidance and counseling program in Indonesia is carried out
through comprehensive patterns. It is designed in four fields,
those are guidance curriculum, individual planning, responsive
services, and system support (Gysbers& Henderson, 20014;
Gysbers, 2008; Gysbers et al., 2008). Counseling service is the
core of comprehensive guidance and counseling services
(Gibson & Mitchell, 2011), especially individual counseling.
Therefore, counselors need to design a program to meet the
requirements of the individual counseling services. Sherwood
(2010) concludes that counselors have the understanding of
the purposes of the individual counseling program at school,
which is to fulfill the needs of the school and the students,
thereby giving positive changes to students’ behavior. In this
program, counselors need to design a program that covers
planning, implementation, and evaluation of the program
(Winkel, 1991).
As the core of guidance and counseling services, the
quality of the individual counseling program relies on the
implementer. Counselors are those who have the abilities and
skills to carry out individual counseling services. School
counselors, as professional in implementing guidance and
counseling services, should carry out the program
professionally. The research findings of Mellin, Hunt, &
Nichols (2011) showed that counselors need to have a
professional identity. Counselors should be able to distinguish
counseling profession from psychology or any other social
works.
The ideal condition cannot be fully implemented. In
general, Saputra (2015) concludes that the implementation of
the counseling program in Junior High Schools in Malang has
not met the standards. The evaluation conducted by Saputra
(2016a) in one of the Junior High Schools in Malang mentions
that the individual counseling program has not reached the
standards. Saputra (2016b) founds similar results in his further
evaluation of group counseling program at the same schools in
Malang. The phenomena show the disparity between the
standards as well as the criteria and the real condition. Thus,
counselors need to take some efforts to anticipate the gaps,
especially in the individual counseling program. One of them
is by evaluating the program to improve the quality of
individual counseling program professionally.
One of the evaluation models to be applied in
evaluating individual counseling program is the discrepancy
model. Provus explains that discrepancy model aims to know
the appropriateness level between the standards and the actual
performance (McKenna, 1981). The standards and the criteria
are in accordance with the Guidelines for Performance-Based
Professional School Counselor Evaluation (Missouri
Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2000).
The standard evaluation of counseling services is in standard 3
criteria 5, stating that “professional school counseling carries
out the services to students whose needs and problems have
been identified, both individually and in a group.” This study
attempts to evaluate individual counseling program of Islamic
vocational high school in Indonesia. Despite it’s the core of
guidance and counseling program, individual counseling
should be identified in effect of changes in the behavior of the
counselees.
2 METHOD
This study belongs to evaluation research using discrepancy
model in order to describe the disparity level on the aspects of
planning, implementation, and evaluation of individual
counseling program at schools, according to particular
standards and criteria. The process of this study includes (1)
an agreement on particular standards; (2) the disparity
between the performance and several aspects of the program
and the standard devices for the performance; and (3) the use
of the information about the disparity in the decision to
develop, to continue, or to stop the whole program or one of
the aspects of the program (Fitzpatrick, Sanders, &Worthen,
1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2017)
Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 173
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