~ 1568 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 1568-1572
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(3): 1568-1572
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 04-03-2017
Accepted: 05-04-2017
Ankita Thakur
Ph.D Scholar, Department of
Zoology, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, Punjab,
India
Devinder Kaur Kocher
Associate Professor, Department
of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, Punjab,
India
Correspondence
Devinder Kaur Kocher
Associate Professor, Department
of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, Punjab,
India
Diversity and density of cladoceran population in
different types of water bodies of Ludhiana,
Punjab (India)
Ankita Thakur and Devinder Kaur Kocher
Abstract
The present study was conducted to record the diversity and density of cladoceran population during the
year 2015. Water samples were collected from different types of water bodies viz; village ponds, fish
ponds and paddy fields of Ludhiana, Punjab (India). Identification of cladocerans was done on the basis
of morphological features and their enumeration with the help of Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber (S-
R cell). Out of the recorded nine species of cladocerans, six were found to belong to family Daphnidae,
two to family Moinidae and only one to family Chydoridae. Average percent composition of cladocerans
in village ponds showed the distribution pattern with predominance of Daphnidae (51.01%) > Moinidae
(48.27%) > Chydoridae (0.68%). In fish ponds Moinidae family was found to be predominant (62.95%)
> Daphnidae (34.61%) > chydoridae (1.29%). Paddy fields were represented by Moinidae family only.
Keywords: Cladocerans, density, diversity, water bodies
1. Introduction
Among aquatic biota, freshwater zooplankton community comprises of protozoans, rotifers,
cladocerans, copepods and ostracods. Out of these, cladocera is an ancient group of palaeozoic
origin
[6]
and found in almost all kind of aquatic habitats. Cladocerans are tiny aquatic
crustaceans and popularly known as “water fleas." They vary in size from 0.2 to 6 mm. About
600 species of fresh water cladocerans have been reported to occur throughout the world
[9]
and
in India 110 species have been recorded so far
[14]
Besides acting as major source of natural
food for fish and shellfish, they also play an important role in recycling nutrients as well as
cycling energy within their respective environments. They are highly responsive against
pollutants and can even react to very low concentration of contaminants
[5]
Thus, the
abundance of zooplankton in a water body is regarded as an indicator of productivity. Both the
qualitative and quantitative abundance of zooplankton in a fish pond are of great importance in
managing the successful aquaculture operations, as they vary from location to location and
pond to pond within the same location and even within similar ecological conditions
[2]
. These
water fleas are important components of the fauna of fresh waters and are particularly
significant in the food web of stagnant waters thus, play a critical role in the aquatic biotope
[6]
.
Cladocerans are also found to be promising candidates as for mosquito control, as they reduce
the size of larval mosquito population through suppressing both mosquito oviposition and
larval development
[4] [11]
. In view of the fact that no published report on cladocerans
community in different types of water bodies of Ludhiana (Punjab) is available. The present
study was therefore, aimed to ascertain cladoceran diversity and its abundance in different
types of local water bodies.
2. Materials and Methods
Monitoring of water bodies was carried out at monthly intervals from January to December
during the year 2015. Three different types of water bodies i.e. fish ponds at Guru Angad Dev
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Atta village ponds located at 35 kms
away from Ludhiana city and paddy fields of Punjab Agricultural University and adjoining
Ludhiana city of Punjab (India) were selected to record the diversity and population abundance
of cladocerans. Water samples were collected during morning hours between 8 to 10 a.m. by
using zooplankton net having mesh size 60 μm. Water was sieved from 3 sites/location
(approx.10L/site) through zooplankton net. Filtered zooplankton were fixed and preserved in