Advanced Monitoring of Structures
and Infrastructures Through Smart
Composite Sensors and Systems
Antonella D’Alessandro, Hasan Borke Birgin, and Filippo Ubertini
Abstract The monitoring of the performance conditions of structures and infras-
tructures during their service life and after critical events is an extremely timely topic.
The potentialities of novel sensors and systems stay in their reliability and flexibility.
Indeed, due to their peculiar characteristics which could possess localized features,
structures should be instrumented by diffused sensing systems. Traditional sensors
could generally be placed only in a limited number of locations by external applica-
tions: these occurrences weaken their durability and reliability. Boosted performance
are coming from novel smart materials which can combine structural performance
with enhanced properties, as sensing ones. In particular, the authors have made several
research efforts on the preparation and the application of self-sensing structural mate-
rials, cement- and clay-based, doped with conductive fillers. This paper presents the
investigation of sensing capabilities and the possible applications of cementitious
materials with different carbon-based fillers. Such composites could be embedded
or can constitute structural elements, thus generating a diffused smart monitoring
system. Possible applications stay in the monitoring of all kinds of concrete struc-
tures and infrastructures, including dynamic monitoring, traffic monitoring, damage
detection, analysis of the strain/stress field variations.
Keywords Smart sensors and systems · Carbon-based fillers · Cementitious
materials · Structural health monitoring · Static and dynamic monitoring
1 Introduction
Recent advances of materials’ science and sensing technology permitted the develop-
ment of novel devices and systems for smart structures and infrastructures. In partic-
ular, the availability of novel particles and fillers for civil applications induced the
production and the investigation of novel multifunctional composites with enhanced
properties. Among the structural materials, concrete appears particularly suitable for
A. D’Alessandro (B ) · H. B. Birgin · F. Ubertini
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 93,
06125 Perugia, PG, Italy
e-mail: antonella.dalessandro@unipg.it
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
C. Rainieri et al. (eds.), Civil Structural Health Monitoring, Lecture Notes in Civil
Engineering 156, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74258-4_31
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