Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 10 ~ Issue 7 (2022) pp: 69-84 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org *Corresponding Author: AneesaManzoor 69 | Page Research Paper Social Exclusion: A Sociological Study of Dal Dwellers AneesaManzoor, PhD Scholar, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Kashmir, J&K. Dr. Salima Jan, Director, Educational Multimedia Research Centre, University of Kashmir, J&K. Dr Bilal A. Bhat, Faculty, Centre for Social Justice, Institute of Management and Public Administration, Govt. of J&K, Main Campus, Srinagar, J&K. Email: bilalccas@gmail.com. Abstract: Dal dwellers are one of the most disadvantaged communities in Kashmir. They have been excluded from the wider society and deprived of basic equipment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate social exclusion and multiple deprivations in the community. This paper shows that social exclusion affects multiple disadvantages, both of which together have a negative impact on the community. Through interviews and analytical documents, this study shows that social exclusion results from language, caste, marriage, poverty, and fundamental discrimination that exclude communities from mainstream societies. Education-based exclusion is alleged to limit people's income, social networks, access the labor market, and leave them with a life of deprivation. Key Words: Social Exclusion, Dal dwellers, Education, Occupation, Kashmir. Received 25 June, 2022; Revised 05 July, 2022; Accepted 07 July, 2022 © The author(s) 2022. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org I. Introduction Social exclusion is a relatively new concept that emerged in the 1990s as a new paradigm in European poverty research. This is a broader and more dynamic concept than what is expressed in the traditional understanding of poverty. Amartya Sen (2000) points out that the Frenchman René Lenoir (1974) is believed to be the actual inventor of this concept. In other words, it is a French invention related to "Les exclus", which refers to people who passed through the social safety net in the 1970s. For example, disabled people with social support, single parents, unemployed. Later, as social problems worsened in the suburbs of the French metropolitan area, the definition was expanded to include disgruntled young people and isolated people. Therefore, social exclusion is inextricably linked to the French tradition in which "social density" is considered essential for maintaining social cohesion in society. The term also dates back to the French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1964). The author understood social exclusion in connection with and against the issue of solidarity and social cohesion in society (Larsen, 2004). However, the German sociologist Max Weber is commonly associated with the concept of social exclusion. Max Weber (1968) used the term "social closure" for a group of people who are actively trying to maintain or secure privileged status at the expense of another group (Bak, 2018). Social exclusion has emerged as a term for processes that cause disadvantages. It is often associated with the notions of stigma; vulnerability and exclusion, as it is due to lack of choice and sociability, and these phenomena are often associated with the collapse of social cohesion (Taket et al. 2009). Social exclusion can occur in different places and spaces and refers to the alienation or deprivation of certain people in society. Often it has to do with a person's social class, education level, standard of living, and how these affect access to different opportunities. Anyone who deviates from the norms of the population in a perceived way can be a victim of a terrible or subtle form of social exclusion. Social exclusion is a unique interaction of factors that only deprives individuals or groups of participation in the social and political life of the community and reduces their material and immaterial quality of life but also modest living opportunities, choices and diminished citizenship. Excluded people are not "like other poor people". They are also at a disadvantage depending on who they are and where they live and are therefore excluded from the benefits of development (Mani, 2013). Broadly speaking, social exclusion is the inability to participate in the social life aspects that people value and