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Journal of Surgery: Open Access
ISSN 2470-0991 | Open Access
J Surg Open Access | JSOA
1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Which Factors Afect Short-Term Urinary Contnence and Erectle
Functon Recovery Following Robotc-Assisted Radical Prostatectomies
(RARP)?-A Retrospectve Cohort Study
Reyan Saghir
1,
*, Francesca Kum
2
, Noman Saghir
3
, Cecilia Bosco
4
, Mieke Van Hemelrijck
4
, Prokar Dasgupta
5
, Paul Cathcart
5
,
Christan Brown
5
, Rick Popert
5
, Kathie Wong
2
, Lorenzo Marconi
6
, and Ben Challacombe
5
1
Foundaton Year Doctor, GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, Hodgkin Building, Newcomen St, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
2
Urology Registrar, Guy’s Hospital Urology Department, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
3
Plastcs Core Trainee, Pinderfelds General Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefeld, WF1 4DG, United Kingdom
4
Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
5
Consultant Urological Surgeon, Guy’s Hospital Urology Department, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
6
Robotc Fellow, Guy’s Hospital Urology Department, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: Reyan Saghir, Foundaton Year Doctor, GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, Hodgkin Building, Newcomen
St, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom, E-mail: reyansaghir@gmail.com
Received: 03 May, 2021 | Accepted: 05 May, 2021 | Published: 10 May, 2021
Volume 7 - Issue 3
Citaton: Saghir R, Kum F, Saghir N, Bosco C, Van Hemelrijck M, et al. (2021) Which Factors Afect Short-Term Urinary Contnence and Erectle
Functon Recovery Following Robotc-Assisted Radical Prostatectomies (RARP)?-A Retrospectve Cohort Study. J Surg Open Access 7(3): dx.doi.
org/10.16966/2470-0991.238
Copyright: © 2021 Saghir R, et al. This is an open-access artcle distributed under the terms of the Creatve Commons Atributon License,
which permits unrestricted use, distributon, and reproducton in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Introducton: To evaluate peri-operatve variables in men undergoing Robotc-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) and their relatonship with
short-term outcomes at a tertary referral centre. These variables can inform surgical planning and intra-operatve management to improve patent
outcomes.
Patents and Methods: A retrospectve analysis of consecutve 331 RARPs over a 16-month period performed by fve surgeons was conducted.
Primary endpoints included undetectable PSA at 6 weeks, urinary contnence defned as 0-1 pad use for security leakage at 6 months, and erectle
functon defned as ability to have intercourse with or without PDE-5 inhibitors, pump or intercavernosal injectons at 6 months. Models for multple
logistc regression analysis were fted for predicton of each of the three endpoints.
Results: Using multple logistc regression analysis increased postoperatve PSA levels were found signifcantly associated to; increased preoperatve
PSA levels (Odds Rato [OR]=1.05, 95% Confdence Interval [CI]=1.01-1.09, p=0.01), presence of positve surgical margins less than 3mm compared
to negatve margins (OR=4.7, 95% CI=1.87-11.81, p=0.00) and presence of metastatc lymph nodes vs. benign (OR=4.74, 95% CI=0.96-23.99, p=0.05),
whilst unilateral and bilateral nerve sparing compared to non-nerve sparing were signifcantly associated to undetectable levels of PSA postoperatvely
respectvely (OR=0.37 and 0.3, 95% CI=0.15-0.91 and 0.12-0.71, p=0.03 and 0.01). Contnence outcomes were found to be signifcantly associated
with increasing age (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.08, p=0.02) and difering amongst the operatng consultants (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.13-0.82, p=0.02),
whilst erectle dysfuncton was also found to be signifcantly associated with increasing age (OR=1.78, CI=1.49-2.28, p=0.00).
Conclusion: The level of nerve sparing performed needs to be considered in relaton to the presence of positve surgical margins remaining as this
can signifcantly impact postoperatve PSA levels in the short-term and reduce the chances of a biochemical cure. The interoperator variability
amongst operatng consultants in relaton to contnence outcomes proves interestng and needs further investgaton.
Keywords: Robotc assisted radical prostatectomy; PSA; Contnence; Erectle dysfuncton; RARP; Prostate cancer
limited PLND refers to only the lymph nodes surrounding and in close
association to the prostate found in the external iliac and obturator
fossa areas, meanwhile extended PLND remove nodes further away
including hypogastric, pre-sacral and pre-sciatic regions [2].
Development of the DaVinci (Intuitive®) surgical system and
preliminary trialling of its application in a urological setting led to the
frst documented RARP occurring in early 2000 [1,3,4]. Following this,
Introduction
Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) is currently a
gold standard treatment for localised prostate cancer [1]. Variations in
prostatectomy technique include nerve-sparing, limited or extended
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND). During nerve-sparing, the
closely associated neurovascular bundles are preserved to allow for
spontaneous penile erections to be maintained postoperatively. A