ORIGINAL ARTICLE AESTHETIC Profile of Patients Undergoing Gluteoplasty Jose Horacio Aboudib 1 • Fernando Serra-Guimara ˜es 2 • Francisco J. B. Sampaio 3 Received: 1 July 2015 / Accepted: 14 October 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2015 Abstract Background Gluteal augmentation surgery has grown by 42 % per year; however, the epidemiological profile of patients who seek this treatment has never been studied. Objective To establish the epidemiological profile of patients who have undergone gluteoplasty surgery, evalu- ating their level of satisfaction and the social impact caused by the surgery. Methods Fifty patients, with ages ranging from 23 to 57 years replied to a specific questionnaire and the esthetic result of the surgery was evaluated. Thirty-seven patients were analyzed prospectively, using CT scans and gluteal reconstruction. The esthetic result was evaluated by eight plastic surgeon specialists from SBCP. Results About satisfaction and quality of life, 98 % of the patients demonstrated improvement in some aspect of life. Analysis of the marital status of patients showed that 24 % of them have changed it. Therefore, all cases showed positive correlations between implant size and monthly income, age and satisfaction of patients. There has also been a positive correlation between implant size and recovery time. There was no statistically significant cor- relation between the esthetic result and the implant volume or the anthropometric measurements. Conclusions The epidemiological profile of patients undergoing gluteoplasty augmentation with implants is predominantly white skin, 36 years old, unrelated to the occupation or socioeconomic status. Augmentation glu- teoplasty with implants is a surgery with a high level of satisfaction to patients, improving life in many aspects but, mainly, affectively. Its outcome produces a natural look and is hardly noticed by others. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. Keywords Gluteoplasty Á Gluteal Á Implants Á Prosthesis Background During the evolution of mankind, hypertrophy of the glu- teal muscles, along with the pelvis and lower limb osseous changes [1] were necessary for adoption of the bipedal posture. The interest in the human body, usually directed in the arts to the female shape, is remarkable since the primary sculptures of our civilization. The Venus Hohle Fels of 40,000 BCE shows big breasts and a well-defined vulva, but the buttocks with little projection. A historical review based on sculptures from different time periods reveals the growing interest in the gluteal region anatomy (Fig. 1). In recent years, the buttocks have received a lot of attention from the press, producing an increased demand for gluteoplasty surgery. This has happened due to a better evaluation of the posterior body contour and modern glu- teoplasty techniques [2, 3]. This anatomical region has a & Fernando Serra-Guimara ˜es fserrag@gmail.com 1 Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua Visconde de Piraja ´ 550/1413, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22410-901, Brazil 3 Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 123 Aesth Plast Surg DOI 10.1007/s00266-015-0587-4