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Developing a Modern Mythology for
Alzheimer’s Disease
Mario D Garrett*
San Diego State University, USA
Received Date: June 20, 2019
Published Date: June 26, 2019
Review Article
Copyright © All rights are reserved by Mario D Garrett
ISSN: 2641-1911 DOI: 10.33552/ANN.2019.04.000580
Archives in
Neurology & Neuroscience
*Corresponding author: Mario D Garrett, School of Social Work, San Diego State
University, USA.
Introduction
When Alois Alzheimer identified plaques and tangles in the brain
of 45-year-old Auguste Deter as the possible cause of her dementia
this observation quickly became enshrined as a new disease:
Alzheimer’s disease. Today Alzheimer’s disease attracts the third
most funded research in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1].
while in contrast Auguste Deter died a painful death from infection
from bedsores, an easily preventable disease. Still today, while
investing in research on Alzheimer’s disease we are overlooking
the need for palliative care and enhancing the wellbeing of the
individual living with dementia. In an 18-month study [2] where
half of the 323 nursing home patients living with dementia died,
most died of eating problems (86%), followed by high fever (53%)
and pneumonia (41%). While dying they expressed shortness of
breath (46%) and pain (39%). In their last 3 months of life nearly
half (41%) of these patients underwent an invasive intervention
(hospitalization, emergency room visit, parenteral therapy, or tube
feeding) [2]. Caregivers still rarely link palliative care to dementia
[3]. While concentrating on finding a cure we are ignoring the
person living with dementia. Understanding the dominance of
this intervention/cure approach in contrast to a more palliative/
wellbeing approach requires a broader investigation of Alzheimer’s
disease history and how the disease has become a political as well
as an economic commodity.
Dementia is an umbrella or superordinate category that
encompasses many types of specific brain diseases that include
Alzheimer’s disease and are likely to have multiple causes and
different paths of progression, most remain unknown [4]. After a
century of studying Alzheimer’s disease an overall understanding
of the disease eludes researchers [5]. Appreciating that the
search for a cure cannot be achieved without understanding
its true cause, our current approach relies on myths to replace
this void in our understanding. These myths are: that a simple
biological mechanism causes Alzheimer’s disease; that everyone
will eventually get the disease; that the prevalence of the disease
will stress our health care system; and that a cure is imminent. All
these myths point to one option only, to find a cure.
Although these myths are related, by distinguishing them it will
make the task of highlighting specific inaccuracies more manageable.
While acknowledging that the aim for a cure is commendable, in
the interim millions of people living with Alzheimer’s disease and
their caregivers and family, remain without effective management
of the disease. Since research relies on funding an essential element
is garnering public support by providing simplified stories with a
clear narrative. In Alzheimer’s disease research this has developed
into myth in order to allow researchers to conduct their work
while gaining public support and public funds. But after repeated
scientific failures, this mode of communication is untenable.
Scientists remain perplexed by Alzheimer’s disease while the
general population has become increasingly fearful of it. Although
scientists appreciate the complexity of the disease, the public
myth has had broader negative consequences. The public believes
Alzheimer’s disease to be random while similarly clinicians are
resigned to the futility of intervention.
Scientifically, the methodology for studying Alzheimer’s disease
requires a framework that establishes clinical parameters that
impact the disease how they interact with each other and within
the environment. Instead what we have is a piecemeal framework
promoted by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) that focuses
on very specific simplified biological attributes of this process
[6,7]. Such “Myths of science are unquestionably seductive…But
they are misleading” [8]. Whether as a simplified story [8] or as
“explanatory models” [9] scientific myths ultimately provide a
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ANN.MS.ID.000580.