Psychology, 2021, 12, 1561-1574
https://www.scirp.org/journal/psych
ISSN Online: 2152-7199
ISSN Print: 2152-7180
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2021.1210098 Oct. 25, 2021 1561 Psychology
To Have What It Takes: A Multi-Tiered
Psychological Resource Model of
First-Generation College Student Success
Leehu Zysberg
1
, Karla Verlinden
2
, Cora Zingerle
2
1
Gordon College of Education, Haifa, Israel
2
Katholische Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Koeln, Germany
Abstract
First generation students typically show more difficulties adapting to academic
studies and lower attainments than their counterparts hailing from academic
families. While the literature offers insights into factors associated with these
outcomes, there is little understanding of the processes underlying this phe-
nomenon. This study presented and tested a model combining demographic,
individual level and interpersonal level resources, all drawn from the field of
positive psychology, to account for first generation and non-first generation
students’ academic attainment in college. A sample of 199 students attending
college in Germany, 38% of whom reported being first generation students,
filled out a demographic questionnaire, including a report of the GPA, as well
as measures of grit, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and sense of cohe-
rence and social support. The results support a double mediation model that
suggests that personal resources and social support mediate the association
between background variables (gender), being a first-generation student and
college GPA. The results are discussed in the context of positive psychology
theories and our existing knowledge of the challenges first generation students
encounter in academia.
Keywords
First Generation Students, Sense of Coherence, Self-Efficacy, Emotional
Intelligence, Grit, Social Support, Academic Achievement
1. Introduction
The importance of academic education as means of social mobility, and social
How to cite this paper: Zysberg, L., Ver-
linden, K., & Zingerle, C. (2021). To Have
What It Takes: A Multi-Tiered Psychologi-
cal Resource Model of First-Generation Col-
lege Student Success. Psychology, 12, 1561-
1574.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.1210098
Received: September 13, 2021
Accepted: October 22, 2021
Published: October 25, 2021
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access