THE JOURNAL OF ASIA TEFL
Vol. 17, No. 3, Fall 2020, 1085-1092
http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.3.25.1085
1085
The Journal of Asia TEFL
http://journal.asiatefl.org/
e-ISSN 2466-1511 © 2004 AsiaTEFL.org. All rights reserved.
PBL and the New Ecological Paradigm: Fostering Environmental
Awareness Through Project-Based Learning
Alexander Nanni
Mahidol University International College, Thailand
Laird Allan
Mahidol University International College, Thailand
Introduction
Sustainability is a major and growing concern worldwide. The topic has received significant media
attention, and innumerable organizations have released sustainability goals. In 2015, the United Nations
published the seventeen interrelated Sustainable Development Goals, that promote economic, social, and
environmental sustainability (United Nations, n.d.). The Association of Southeast Asian Nations recently
affirmed similar goals in a June 2019 statement (“ASEAN leaders’ vision statement,” 2019).
The most broadly cited definition of sustainable development comes from the Brundtland Report, “Our
Common Future,” which reads, “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland, 1987, p. 40). This is taken to
incorporate two primary outcomes: firstly, that the needs of the world’s poor must be met (via either
empowerment or measures to address income inequality) to ensure social stability and further
development for all, and secondly, that there are limitations on resource availability driven by natural
abundances and regenerative capacities on the one hand and by the technological capacity to extract and
exploit the resource on the other (Brundtland, 1987).
In Thailand, a founding member of ASEAN, the need for sustainability education is now recognized
publicly, spurred on in particular by unabashed concern about air pollution. Air pollution-induced
mortality is now well over 30,000 per annum (out of about 550,000 deaths per annum), placing it seventh
overall and first among environmental causes (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2018). Issues
like these trigger interest in sustainability and a pressure to incorporate it in curricula. Thailand has not
been complacent about sustainability curricula, although explicitly incorporating them into EFL has not
been emphasized.
This report introduces a project designed in response to this need to introduce students to sustainability
and explores the impact of this project on students’ environmental worldview. The project was
implemented in an intensive English for academic purposes (EAP) course at a university in Thailand.
This 10-week course prepares students to enter an English-medium bachelor’s degree program. The main
goals of the program are to develop language proficiency; however, this is accomplished through
engagement with meaningful real-world content. This could be classified as the weak form of “Content
and Language Integrated Learning” (CLIL), which has the goal of helping “learners develop their target